Journals
Books
Articles by keyword doc
Patented Neuronets Decisions
K. I. Tkachenko
Patented Neuronets Decisions
K. I. Tkachenko
Raster monochrome images thinning algorithm
K. A. Temnov, A. V. Kirillov, S. V. Galkin
Neural network device for identification of the disguised hand-written documents in russian
S. D. Kulik, D. A. Nikonets, K. I. Tkachenko, A. V. Zhizhilev
The algorithm of the initial semantic interpretation of clauses for building up the initial semantic analysis subsystem in the automatic text processing system using semantics of the applied domain
A.Yu. Novikov, M.G. Stolyarov
Computerising of Thyroid Disfunction Diagnosis Making Process
E.V. Sadykova
NEW DIRECT LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT SYNTHETIC THROMBIN INHIBITORS
E.I. Sinauridze, A.N. Romanov, O.A. Kondakova, I.V. Gribkova, S.S. Surov, A.S. Gorbatenko, Y.V. Kuznetsov, A.A. Bogolyubov, V.B. Sulimov, F.I. Ataullakhanov
Algorithmic tools of the high-speed search in the workflow automation systems in standard organizations
A. S. Tkachenko, V. M. Dovgal, L. B. Belov
Method of estimating of interoperability for document management system as an open information system
V. I. Vorobiev, F. S. Kortikov
Prediction of antiinflammatory activity of synthesized quinazolinone-4 derivatives with dipeptide and amino acid residues by the molecular docking method
D.S. Zolotykh, E.T. Oganesian, I.P. Kodonidi, S.H. Mucueva
Complementarity Centers of Binding Sites in GABAA-Receptor Complex
D.S. Zolotykh, E.T. Oganesian, I.P. Kodonidi
An Approach to Development and Support of Electronic Documents as Illustrated by CERN's Administrative Workflow System
K.O. Golikov, N.M. Leonova, R.N. Titov
Conceptual model of ontology of the applied domain for building up text documents processing systems using semantics
A.Yu. Novikov
Method of thematic clustering of text documents in the base of there infological processing
S.N. Mikhailov
Qsar for quinazolin-4-on derivatives, which poses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity
E.T. Oganesian, D.S. Zolotykh, I.P. Kodonidi, T.A. Lisenko
Extraction of the significant information from files of not structured texts
А.I. Zaharenkov, A.V. Sokolov
Targeted synthesis of 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyri¬midine derivatives with actoprotective activity
E.T. Oganesyan, I.P. Kodonidi, S.A. Kuleshova, L.M. Makarova, E.N. Zhoglo, A.F. Bandura, V.S. Sochnev
A novel molecular docking based mathematical model for endothelial-protective activity of substances prediction
A.V. Voronkov, A.A. Glushko
Application of thesauruses and ontologies in intellectual archives of the cad documentation
N.G. Yarushkina, A.M. Namestnikov
Structurally functional model of the analysis and control of document flow in public authorities
S.G. Emelyanov, O.V. Kruglyakov
Distributed automated health monitoring system
А.E. Pikhlak, W.A. Sarukhanov, A.M. Nosovsky, V.A. Logachev, I.A. Lisenkov, A.V. Shuvalov, N.A. Mutyeva
Model of ontology for knowledge domain monitoring task on the basis of partial semantic interpretation of text information content
A.Yu. Novikov, I.Yu. Golikov
Information vector solution of individual problems of combined pharmacotherapy in the software complex of a General practice doctor
N.G. Preferansky - I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Primus inter PaRes
T.L. Guskina - I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Primus inter PaRes
N.G. Preferanskaya - I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Primus inter PaRes M.L. Maksimov - I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Primus inter PaRes
High-performance workspace for conformational modeling in rational drug design
D.M. Spel'nikov - Junior Research Scientist, National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
S.N. Knyazev - Researcher, National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
M.A. Balakhontseva - Post-graduant Student, National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
M.V. Buzdalov - Post-graduant Student, National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
Y.B. Porozov - Ph. D. (Med.), National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Head of Laboratory
V.G. Maslov - Dr. Sc. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
A.V. Bukhanovskiy - Dr. Sc. (Eng.), Professor, National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
The problems of data availability of electronic archives for long-term storage
G.P. Akimova - Ph. D. (Eng.). E-mail: galina@cs.isa.ru
E.V. Pashkina - Research Scientist. E-mail: alena@cs.isa.ru
M.A. Pashkin - Research Scientist. E-mail: matveyp@cs.isa.ru
A.V. Solovyev - Ph. D. (Eng.). E-mail: alexsol@cs.isa.ru
Experience in the application of modern design and technology solutions in the design of the interconnect knotted compounds
А. V. Kashaev - Head of Department, JSC «SIE «Rubin»
А. N. Loginov - Deputy Head of Department, JSC «SIE «Rubin»
I. R. Abuzyarov - Head of Department, JSC «SIE «Rubin». E-mail: mail@npp-rubin.ru
V. G. Reikh - Director, JSC «Corporation «Vega». E-mail:mail@vega.su
Model of the assessment of information units of document flow in public authorities
S. G. Emelyanov - Dr. Sc. (Eng.), Professor, Rector, South-West State University (Kursk)
O. V. Kruglyakov - Researcher, South-West State University (Kursk)
A. V. Belokopytov - Post-graduate Student, South-West State University (Kursk)
Security analysis of electronic document management systems in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Do Duy Nhat - Post-graduate Student, Moscow State Technical University of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (MIREA)
V. M. Tkachenko - Dr.Sc. (Eng.), Professor, Moscow State Technical University of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (MIREA )
Formation of navigation structure of electronic archive of technical documentation on the basis of ontology
A.M. Namestnikov - Ph.D. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department of Information Systems, Ulyanovsk State Technical University. E-mail: nam@ulstu.ru
A.A. Filippov - Post-graduate Student, Department of Information Systems, Ulyanovsk State Technical University. E-mail: al.filippov@ulstu.ru
Electronic archives: a possible solution to the problem of the authenticity of the long-term preservation of electronic documents
A.V. Solovyev - Ph.D.(Eng.), Leading Research Scientist, ISA RAN
OCR-systems benchmarking for the task of building a search engine for archival documents images
S. V. Smirnov - Ph.D. (Eng.), St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPIIRAS). E-mail: serge.smir@gmail.com
Organization of computer aided design and electrical control onboard cable network of the spacecraft in the JSC «ISS»
A.M. Butin - Post-graduate Student, Siberian State Aerospace University; Engineer, JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» (Zheleznogorsk). E-mail: butinandr@gmail.com E.Y. Dubrovsky - Post-graduate Student, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University; Engineer-developer, JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» (Zheleznogorsk). E-mail: evgenij.dubrovskij@gmail.com O.A. Klimkin - Head of Sector, JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» (Zheleznogorsk). E-mail: klimkin@iss-reshetnev.ru E.V. Dobyshev - Head of Sector, JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» (Zheleznogorsk). E-mail: dev@iss-reshetnev.ru S.B. Suntsov - Ph. D. (Eng.), Head of Department, JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» (Zheleznogorsk). E-mail: sbsun@iss-reshetnev.ru
Ontologic model for contextual search of electronic documents in design organization archive
A.M. Namestnikov - Ph. D. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department «Information Systems», Ulyanovsk State Technical University. E-mail: nam@ulstu.ru R.A. Subkhangulov - Post-graduate Student, Department «Information Systems», Ulyanovsk State Technical Uni-versity. E-mail: subkhangulov-ruslan@yandex.ru
An improved method of detection of color computer-readable zone
I.I. Sidorkin - Research Engineer, Orel Branch of Institute of Informatics Problems of RAS. E-mail: voronecburgsiti@mail.ru
Automation documenting the functionality of the information system using the method of adaptive clustering
G.N. Tsiperman - Counsellor of Director, «VOSKHOD» (Moscow). E-mail: g.tsiperman@voskhod.ru
Methodical approach to raising integrity automation chain cable networking products military equipment during the manufacturing process
A.N. Rybakov - Leading Engineer, Federal State Unitary Enterprise All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA) A.V. Shabashov - Leading Engineer, JSC «Central design bureau for marine engineering «Rubin» N.V. Martynov - Leading Expert, Federal State Unitary Enterprise All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA) E.V. Egorova - Ph.D. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department «Telecommunication systems», Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow Technological University». E-mail: calipso575@gmail.com
The automated information system of a choice of products of high productive preparation in case of design of radio electronic system
A.S. Kuznetsov - Head of Department of Information Technology, Pushkin State Museum (Moscow). Е-mail: askuznetsov.gmp@gmail.com S.N. Kuznetsov - Ph. D. (Eng), Associate Professor, Department of Radio Electronics for Flying Vehicles, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Е- mail: serghei-k@mail.ru M.N. Ushkar - D. Sc. (Eng.), Professor, Head of Department «Design and technology RES», Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Е-mail: ushkarm@mail.ru
About a dynamic model of sufficiency of technical solidifying of elements of construction constructions of the territories, buildings and locations of objects for prevention of illegal access
A.V. Telnyy - Ph. D. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department of Informatics and Information Security, Vladimir State University named after A.&N. Stoletovs. E-mail: andre.izi@mail.ru M.Yu. Monakhov - Dr. Sc. (Eng.), Professor, Head of Department of Informatics and Information Security, Vladimir State University named after A.&N. Stoletovs. E-mail: mmonakhov@vlsu.ru
The methodology of assessing effectiveness of transition from the paper-based to electronic document management system in high-technology production
K.I. Porsev - Post-graduate Student, Moscow State University of Information Technologies, Radio Engineering and Electronics (MIREA) N.P. Esaulov - Professor, Moscow State University of Information Technologies, Radio Engineering and Electronics (MIREA) V.V. Kuznetsov - Director of Electronic Institute, Moscow State University of Information Technologies, Radio Engineering and Electronics (MIREA)
Electronic document management system as an element quality management system
K.I. Porsev - Assistant, Department of Materials Technology, Standardization and Metrology, Yaroslavl State Technical University; Post-graduate Student, Department of Metrology and Standardization, Moscow Technological University (MIREA) E-mail: ram_dva@mail.ru M.F. Bulatov - Dr. Sc. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Head of Department of Metrology and Standardization, Moscow Technological University (MIREA) E-mail: bulatov_agu@mail.ru N.P. Esaulov - Dr. Sc. (Eng.), Professor, Department of Metrology and Standardization, Moscow Technological University (MIREA) E-mail: esauln2011@yandex.ru
Organization of cross-cutting support of customized production of scientific products

B.A. Chernysh¹, A.S. Kartamyshev², I.V. Poturemsky³, V.N. Khaidukova4

1,2,3,4 JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» (Zheleznogorsk, Russia)

1 chernyshba@iss-reshetnev.ru; 2 kartam@iss-reshetnev.ru; 3 oris@iss-reshetnev.ru; 4 haydukovavn@iss-reshetnev.ru

Methods for automatic assessment of the psychophysiological state of a person according to the parameters of electroencephalograms (review)

A.A. Nigrei – Post-graduate Student, Omsk State Transport University

E-mail: aa.nig@yandex.ru

S.S. Zhumazhanova – Post-graduate Student, Radio Engineering Faculty, Omsk State Technical University

E-mail: samal_shumashanova@mail.ru

A.E. Sulavko – Ph.D. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department of Integrated Information Security;  Senior Research Scientist, Omsk State Technical University E-mail: sulavich@mail.ru

Questions of increasing the efficiency of document circulation at the enterprise

N.A. Borsuk – Ph.D.(Eng.), Associate Professor, 

Department «Information Systems and Networks», Kaluga branch of the Bauman MSTU

E-mail: borsuk.65@yandex.ru

E.O. Deryugina – Ph.D.(Eng.), Associate Professor, 

Department «Information Systems and Networks», Kaluga branch of the Bauman MSTU

E-mail: syvorova_eo@mail.ru

A.D. Minina – Student, 

Department «Information Systems and Networks», Kaluga branch of the Bauman MSTU

Е-mail: alex16071607@gmail.com

Formation of parametric models electronic modules RES

А.S. Kuznetsov – Post-graduate Student,

Department «Design and Technology of Electronic Equipment»,

Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)

E-mail: askuznetsov.gmp@gmail.com

S.N. Kuznetsov – Ph.D. (Eng.), Associate Professor,

Department «Design and Technology of Electronic Equipment»,

Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)

E-mail: serghei-k@mail.ru

М.N. Ushkar – Dr.Sc. (Eng.), Professor, Head of Department «Design and Technology of Electronic Equipment», Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) E-mail: ushkarm@mail.ru

Electromagnetic safety: from objects passportization to the state of territories analysis

O.N. Maslov, A.V. Rjabushkin, S.A. Maslov, M.A. Frolova

Volga State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (Samara, Russia)

Approach to automate business processes of scientific organization. Part 1. Features of automated activities

G.P. Akimova – Ph.D.(Eng.), Leading Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: akimova@isa.ru

A.Yu. Danilenko – Ph.D.(Phys.-Math.), Leading Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: danilenko@isa.ru

E.V. Pashkina – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: pashkina@isa.ru

M.A. Pashkin – Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: pashkin@isa.ru

A.A. Podrabinovich – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: podrabinovich@isa.ru

A.V. Soloviev – Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Deputy Director for Research, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: soloviev@isa.ru

I.V. Tumanova – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: tumanova-irin@mail.ru

Approach to automate business processes of scientific organization. Part 2. Information security

G.P. Akimova – Ph.D.(Eng.), Leading Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: akimova@isa.ru

A.Yu. Danilenko – Ph.D.(Phys.-Math.), Leading Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: danilenko@isa.ru

E.V. Pashkina – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: pashkina@isa.ru

M.A. Pashkin – Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: pashkin@isa.ru

A.A. Podrabinovich – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: podrabinovich@isa.ru

A.V. Soloviev – Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Deputy Director for Research, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: soloviev@isa.ru

I.V. Tumanova – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: tumanova-irin@mail.ru

Approach to automate business processes of scientific organization. Part 3. Research Automation

G.P. Akimova – Ph.D.(Eng.), Leading Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: akimova@isa.ru

A.Yu. Danilenko – Ph.D.(Phys.-Math.), Leading Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: danilenko@isa.ru

E.V. Pashkina – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: pashkina@isa.ru

M.A. Pashkin – Research Scientist, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: pashkin@isa.ru

A.A. Podrabinovich – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: podrabinovich@isa.ru

A.V. Soloviev – Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Deputy Director for Research, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow)

E-mail: soloviev@isa.ru

I.V. Tumanova – Leading Programmer, 

Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: tumanova-irin@mail.ru

Determination error probabilities of the first and second kind when using a new method of paper documents identification

L.S. Beckel – Post-graduate Student,

Department Engineering graphics, KB BMSTU

E-mail: milla2606@rambler.ru

The use of blockchain technology in information systems. Part 1. Secure electronic workflow

G.P. Akimova – Ph.D.(Eng.), Leading Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: akimova@isa.ru

A.Yu. Danilenko – Ph.D.(Phys.-Math.), Leading Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: danilenko@isa.ru

E.V. Pashkina – Leading Programmer, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: pashkina@isa.ru

A.A. Podrabinovich – Leading Programmer, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: podrabinovich@isa.ru

The use of blockchain technology in information systems. Part 3. Digital economy and safety of electronic documents

G.P. Akimova – Ph.D.(Eng.), Leading Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: akimova@isa.ru

A.Yu. Danilenko – Ph.D.(Phys.-Math.), Leading Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: danilenko@isa.ru

E.V. Pashkina – Leading Programmer, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: pashkina@isa.ru

M.A. Pashkin – Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: pashkin@isa.ru

A.V. Solovev – Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Main Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: soloviev@isa.ru

I.A. Tarkhanov – Ph.D.(Eng.), Senior Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: tarkhanov@isa.ru

The use of blockchain technology in information systems. Part 4. Conceptual solution to the problem of ensuring the security of electronic documents in the digital economy

G.P. Akimova – Ph.D.(Eng.), Leading Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: akimova@isa.ru

E.V. Pashkina – Leading Programmer, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: pashkina@isa.ru

M.A. Pashkin – Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: pashkin@isa.ru

A.V. Solovev – Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Main Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: soloviev@isa.ru

I.A. Tarkhanov – Ph.D.(Eng.), Senior Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: tarkhanov@isa.ru

Atypical approach to the organization of electronic document management systems

G.P. Akimova – Ph.D.(Eng.), Leading Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: akimova@isa.ru

A.Yu. Danilenko – Ph.D.(Phys.-Math.), Leading Programmer, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: pashkina@isa.ru

E.V. Pashkina – Leading Programmer, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: pashkin@isa.ru

M.A. Pashkin – Research Scientist, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: pashkin@isa.ru

A.A. Podrabinovich – Leading Programmer, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: podrabinovich@isa.ru

I.V. Tumanova – Leading Programmer, Institute for Systems Analysis of FRC CSC RAS (Moscow) E-mail: tumanova-irin@mail.ru

Construction documentation designing labor intensity reduction algorithm based on the graphs transformation

A.V. Gurjanov – General Director of JSC «EDB «Electroavtomatika» named after P.A.Yefimov» (Saint-Petersburg) E-mail: postmaster@elavt.spb.ru

A.V. Shukalov – Ph. D. (Eng.), First Deputy General Director, Main Designer, 

JSC «EDB «Electroavtomatika» named after P.A.Yefimov» (Saint-Petersburg)

E-mail: aviation78@mail.ru

I.O. Zharinov – Dr. Sc. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Head of UNC, 

JSC «EDB «Electroavtomatika» named after P.A.Yefimov» (Saint-Petersburg)

E-mail: igor_rabota@pisem.net

O.O. Zharinov – Ph. D. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation E-mail: zharinov73@hotbox.ru

S.A. Leonovets – Post-graduate Student, ITMO University (Saint Petersburg) E-mail: ser2694@ya.ru

Coordination of mechanisms pickup-docking device

E.A. Rakshin1, A.N. Timofeev2, A.Yu. Kolesnikov3, L.V. Podkolzina4

1–4 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (St. Petersburg, Russia)

About the first experience of creating a trust system based on public key infrastructure in Russia

D.A. Melnikov1, V.G. Belenkov2, P.A. Keyer3, V.I. Korolev4, E.I. Belova5

1 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow, Russia)
1, 5 Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russia)
1-4 Federal Research Center «Computer Science and Control» of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)
 

Comparator with dynamic offset compensation

P.A. Kondratovich1, Yu.E. Korchagin2, K.D. Titov3

1−3 Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russia)

Current trends in the development and application of design documentation for weapons and military equipment

V.I. Savchenko1, A.Yu. Slesarev2

1,2 SPbF JSC «Concern «Vega» (St. Petersburg, Russia)

Modeling the long-term preservation of archival documents using digital twins

A.V. Solovyev1

1 Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)
1 soloviev@isa.ru

Modern standards of unified system of design and software documentation as a vector of the main trends in the development of machine-readable documents

K.V. Epifantsev1, E.A.Frolova2

1-2Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (Saint Petersburg, Russia)

1 epifancew@gmail.com, 2frolova_ea@guap.ru