P.V. Luferchik1

1 JSC “NPP “Radiosvyaz” (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)

1 luferchikp@gmail.com

Modern trends such as unmanned aerial vehicle control, autonomous driving, urban air mobility, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things impose new requirements on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). These applications demand navigation solutions with centimeter-level accuracy and high reliability in urban environments, where signal blockage, severe multipath, and potential radio interference are present.

Under these conditions, the use of antenna arrays can significantly improve system performance, as they provide spatial methods for increasing the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) through beamforming in the line-of-sight (LOS) direction and null-steering to suppress multipath signals and interference. However, this is only possible provided that the attitude of the antenna array is known and the direction of arrival (DOA) of multipath signals can be estimated.

An additional threat to GNSS is spoofing — the deliberate transmission of false navigation signals imitating those of real satellites. Unlike jamming, spoofing does not lead to signal loss but instead causes the formation of an erroneous navigation solution, making it particularly dangerous for mobile object control tasks. Spoofing attacks can lead to gross errors in determining position, velocity, and platform attitude, up to complete loss of control over the object.

This paper considers the application of the phase-locked loop method for joint multipath and attitude estimation (PLL-MA), implemented as a post-correlation signal processing algorithm for antenna arrays, to the problem of spoofing detection and mitigation. The method enables simultaneous estimation of platform attitude, multipath signal parameters, and identification of spoofing attacks from GNSS signals.

Luferchik P.V. Application of the phase-locked loop method for joint multipath and platform attitude estimation in spoofing detection and mitigation tasks in global navigation satellite systems // Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics. 2026. V. 80. № 9. P. 62−68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202609-05

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