И.А. Левадний1, А.Н. Дмитриев2, С.И. Щукин3

1–3 Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана (Москва, Россия)
1 levadniyia@student.bmstu.ru, 2 dmitalex@bmstu.ru, 3 schookin@bmstu.ru

Постановка проблемы. Современные методы исследования гемодинамики и функциональной активности головного мозга играют критически важную роль в диагностике и лечении неврологических заболеваний. Выбор подходящего метода или их комбинации позволяет значительно улучшить диагностику, терапевтические стратегии и реабилитационные программы. Сложность и разнообразие методов визуализации требуют систематизации и оценки их эффективности.

Цель. Анализ и сравнение современных неинвазивных инструментальных методов исследования гемодинамики и функциональной активности головного мозга, выявление их ключевых особенностей и ограничений, а также определение перспектив использования мультимодальных подходов в научных исследованиях и клинической практике.

Результаты. Рассмотрены методы, включая электроэнцефалографию (ЭЭГ), реоэнцефалографию (РЭГ), магнитно-резонансную томографию (МРТ), ближнюю инфракрасную спектроскопию (БИКС), позитронно-эмиссионную томографию (ПЭТ), ультразвуковую допплерографию (УЗДГ), радиотермографию и магнитоэнцефалографию (МЭГ). Каждый метод имеет свои преимущества и ограничения, что позволяет их использовать комплексно для исследования мозговой активности и кровообращения. Оценены их временное и пространственное разрешения, чувствительность к глубине залегания источников и глубине проникновения, портативность и возможность длительного мониторирования. Особое внимание уделено мультимодальному подходу и использованию методов в персонализированной медицине.

Практическая значимость. На основе мультимодальных подходов, основанных на комбинации различных методов, таких как ЭЭГ, МРТ и УЗДГ, возможно получать дополнительную информацию о протекании неврологических заболеваний. Внедрение компьютерного моделирования даст возможность выявлять биофизические параметры, отражающие физиологические характеристики.

Левадний И.А., Дмитриев А.Н., Щукин С.И. Неинвазивные инструментальные методы исследования гемодинамики и функциональной активности головного мозга // Биомедицинская радиоэлектроника. 2024. T. 27. № 6. С. 103−121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/ j15604136-202406-10

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