I.A. Levadniy1, A.N. Dmitriev2, S.I. Shchukin3

1–3 Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Moscow, Russia)
1 levadniyia@student.bmstu.ru, 2 dmitalex@bmstu.ru, 3 schookin@bmstu.ru

Modern methods of studying haemodynamics and functional brain activity are of critical importance in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. The selection of an appropriate method or combination of methods can markedly enhance the accuracy of diagnosis, the efficacy of therapeutic strategies, and the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes. The complexity and diversity of imaging techniques necessitate a systematic approach to their evaluation.

The objective of this study is to analyse and compare modern non-invasive instrumental methods for the study of haemodynamics and functional activity of the brain. This will include the identification of their key features and limitations, as well as the determination of the prospects for the use of multimodal approaches in scientific research and clinical practice.

This review encompasses a range of methods, including electroencephalography (EEG), rheoencephalography (REG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET), transcranial Doppler (TCD), radiothermography, and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Each method has its own set of advantages and limitations, allowing for their integration to investigate brain activity and blood flow. The temporal and spatial resolution, sensitivity to source depth and penetration depth, portability and the possibility of long-term monitoring are evaluated in order to ascertain their suitability for use in this context. Particular attention is paid to the multimodal approach and the use of the methods in personalized medicine.

The combination of different methods, such as EEG, MRI and TCD, allows for the acquisition of supplementary data regarding the progression of neurological diseases. The employment of computer models facilitates the derivation of physiologically interpretable biophysical parameters.

Levadniy I.A., Dmitriev A.N., Shchukin S.I. Non-invasive instrumental methods of studying haemodynamics and functional activity of the brain. Biomedicine Radioengineering. 2024. V. 27. № 6. P. 103–121. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.18127/j15604136-202406-10 (In Russian)

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