350 руб
Журнал «Успехи современной радиоэлектроники» №7 за 2016 г.
Статья в номере:
Электрически малые антенны. Часть 2
Авторы:
К.Н. Климов - д.т.н., профессор, вед. науч. сотрудник, АО «НПО «ЛЭМЗ». E-mail: const0@mail.ru А.С. Годин - инженер, АО «НПО «ЛЭМЗ». E-mail: andrey.godin@gmail.com Д.С. Гежа - руководитель технического отдела, ООО «Метриктест». E-mail: dmitry.gez@gmail.com
Аннотация:
Приведен обзор основных типов электрически малых антенн: диэлектрические нагруженные антенны, меандровые антенны, крестовой монополь, скрещенно-полевые антенны, диполь Снайдера, антенна сдвоенная петля, многоплечевой диполь, комплиментарная парная антенна, интегрированная антенна, антенна в оболочке среды Веселаго, фрактальные антенны, антенны на микросхеме, случайно сегментированные антенны, множественные мультиполи, антенна на основе переключаемых петель, антенна Тала: однозаходная спираль на сфере Чу, антенна Густафссона.
Страницы: 17-34
Список источников

 

  1. Климов К.Н., Годин А.С., Гежа Д.С. Электрические малые антенны (часть 1) // Успехи современной радиотехники. 2016. № 6. С. 47-62.
  2. Wheeler H.A. Fundamental Limitations of Small Antennas // Proc. IRE. Dec. 1947. V. 35. P. 1479-1484.
  3. Schelkunoff S.A., Friis H.T. Antennas-Theory and Practice // John Wiley & Sons. 1952. Section 10.14.
  4. Polk C. Resonance and Supergain Effects in Small Ferromagnetically or Dielectrically Loaded Biconical Antennas // Trans. IRE. Dec. 1959. V. AP-7. P. S414-S423.
  5. Grimes D.M. Miniaturized Resonant Antenna Using Ferrites // J Appl Physics. March 1958. V. 29. P. 401-402.
  6. Galejs J. Dielectric Loading of Electric Dipole Antennas // J Res NBS. Sept. - Oct. 1962. V. 66D. P. 557-562.
  7. Galejs J. Small Electric and Magnetic Antennas with Cores of a Lossy Dielectric // J Res NBS. July-Aug. 1963. V. 67D. P. 445-451.
  8. Wheeler H.A. The Spherical Coil as an Inductor, Shield, or Antenna // Proc IRE. Sept. 1958. V. 46. P. 1595-1602.
  9. Chatterjee R. Dielectric and Dielectric-Loaded Antennas // John Wiley & Sons. 1985. Chap. 7.
  10. Birchfield J.L., Free W.R. Dielectrically Loaded Short Antennas // Trans. IEEE. May 1974. V. AP-22. P. 471-472.
  11. Richmond J.H., Newman E.H. Dielectric Coated Wire Antennas. Radio Sci. Jan. 1976. V. 11. P. 13-20.
  12. Popovicґ B.D., Djordejevicґ A.R., Kircґanski N.M. Simple Method for Analysis of Dielectric-Coated Wire Antennas // Radio Electronic Engineer. March 1981. V. 51. P. 141-145.
  13. Smith M.S. Properties of Dielectrically Loaded Antennas // Proc IEE. Oct. 1977. V. 124. P. 837-839.
  14. James J.R., Schuler A.J., Binham R.F. Reduction of Antenna Dimensions by Dielectric Loading // Electronics Lett. 27, June 1974. V. 10. P. 263-265.
  15. James J.R., Henderson A. Electrically Short Monopole Antennas with Dielectric or Ferrite Coatings // Proc IEE. Sept. 1978. V. 125. P. 793-803.
  16. Fujimoto K. et al. Small Antennas / Research Studies Press. Wiley. 1987. Chap. 3.
  17. King R.W.P., Smith G.S. Antennas in Matter-Fundamentals, Theory, and Applications / MIT Press. 1981. Chap. 8.
  18. Sinha B.P., Saoudy S.A. Rigorous Analysis of Finite Length Insulated Antenna in Air // Trans. IEEE. Aug. 1990. V. AP-38. P. 1253-1258.
  19. Bretones A.R. et al. Time Domain Analysis of Dielectric-Coated Wire Antennas and Scatterers // Trans. IEEE. June 1994. V. AP-42. P. 815-819.
  20. Francavilla L.A. et al. Mode-Matching Analysis of Top-Hat Monopole Antennas Loaded with Radially Layered Dielectric // Trans. IEEE. Jan. 1999. V. AP-47. P. 179-185.
  21. Janapsatya J., Bialkowski M.E. Reducing the Height of a Circular Array of Monopoles Using Top Hats and Dielectric Coatings // Radio Sci. 2004. V. 39. RS3004.
  22. Kennedy T.F., Long S.A., Williams J.T. Modification and Control of Currents on Monopole Antennas Using Magnetic Bead Loading // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2003. V. 2. P. 208-211.
  23. Rashed J., Tai C.-T. A New Class of Resonant Antennas // Trans. IEEE. Sept. 1991. V. AP-39. P. 1428-1430.
  24. Lin C.C., Kuo S.W., Chuang H.R. A 2.4-GHz Printed Meander-Line Antenna for USB-WLAN with Notebook-PC Housing // IEEE Microwave Wireless Component Lett. Sept. 2005. V. 15. P. 546-548.
  25. Chang T.-N., Kuo C.-C. Meander Antenna with Backside Tuning Stubs // Trans. IEEE. April 2005. V. AP-53. P. 1274-1277.
  26. Altshuler E.E. A Monopole Antenna Loaded with a Modified Folded Dipole // Trans. IEEE. July 1993. V. AP-41. P. 871-876.
  27. Best S.R. A Comparison of the Resonant Properties of Small Space-Filling Fractal Antennas // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2003. V. 2. P. 197-200.
  28. Breakall J.K. et al. A Novel Short AM Monopole Antenna with Low-Loss Matching System // Proc IEEE Broadcast Tech Symp Washington DC. 2002.
  29. Breakall J.K. et al. Testing and Results of a New, Efficient Low-Profile AM Medium Frequency Antenna System // Proc NAB Broadcast Engineering Conf. 2003.
  30. Hansen R.C. Electrically Small, Superdirective, and Superconducting Antennas / Wiley, June 2006.
  31. Kabbary F.M., Hately M.C., Stewart B.G. Maxwell-s Equations and the Crossed-Field Antenna // Electronics Wireless World, March 1989. P. 216-218.
  32. Kabbary F.M., Khattab M., Hately M.C. Extremely Small High Power MW Broadcasting Antennas // Int Broadcasting Convention, 12-16 Sept. 1997. IEE Conf Publ 447. P. 441-431.
  33. Kabbary F.M. et al. Four Egyptian MW Broadcast Crossed-Field-Antennas // Proc NAB Conf Las Vegas April 1999. P. 235-241.
  34. Hately M.C., Kabbary F.M., Khattab M. An Operational MF Broadcast Antenna Using Poynting Vector Synthesis // ICAP. York. IEE Conf. Publ. 333. 1991. P. 645-648.
  35. Smith M.S. Conventional Explanation for «Crossed Field Antenna» // Electronics Lett. 13 Feb. 1992. V. 28. P. 360-361.
  36. Belrose J.S. Characteristics of the CFA Obtained by Numerical and Experimental Modeling // Proc IEEE BTS Symp. 2000.
  37. Belrose J.S. The Crossed Field Antenna-Analyzed by Simulation and Experiment // ICAP-JINA Conf on Antennas and Prop. Davos. 2000.
  38. Hatfield J.B. Magnetic Fields from Displacement Current Densities Generated by the Crossed Field Antenna // IEEE Broadcast Tech Soc 50th Broadcast Symp 28 Sept. 2000. P. 1-3.
  39. U.S. Patent 4479130. Broadband Antennae Employing Coaxial Transmission Line Sections. Snyder R.D. 23 Oct. 1984a.
  40. Snyder R.D. The Snyder Antenna // RF Design Sept.-Oct. 1984. P. 49-51.
  41. U.S. Patent 3,588,905. Wide Range Tunable Transmitting Loop Antenna. Dunlavy J.H.Jr. June 1971.
  42. Barrick D. Miniloop Antenna Operation and Equivalent Circuit // Trans. IEEE. Jan. 1986. V. AP-34. P. 111-114.
  43. Belrose J.S. Electrically Small Transmitting Loops / Part 1. Radcom June 2003. P. 65-67; Part 2. July 2004. P. 88-90.
  44. Belrose J.S. Electrically Small Transmitting Loops // IEEE APS Symp Digest. 2005.
  45. Belrose J.S. Performance Analysis by Experiment and Simulation of Small Tuned Transmitting Loop Antennas // IEEE APS Symp Digest. 2005.
  46. Turner E.M., Richard D.J. Development of an Electrically Small Broadband Antenna // Proc 18th Symp USAF Ant Res Dev Prog Oct. 1968. Allerton, IL.
  47. Schroeder K.G. The Complementary Pair-A Broadband Element Group for Phased Arrays // IEEE AP Conv Rec 1964. P. 128-133.
  48. U.S. Patent 3,449,751. Complementary Pair Antenna Element Groups. Schroeder K.G. 10 June 1969.
  49. Schroeder K.G., Soo Hoo K.M. Electrically Small Complementary Pair (ESCP) with Interelement Coupling // Trans. IEEE. July 1976. V. AP-24. P. 411-418.
  50. Frost A.D. Parametric Amplifi er Antenna // Proc IRE. June 1960. V. 48. P. 1163-1164.
  51. Frost A.D. Parametric Amplifi er Antenna // Trans. IEEE. March 1964. V. AP-12. P. 234-235.
  52. Copeland JR. et al. Antennafi er Arrays // Trans. IEEE. March 1964. V. AP-12. P. 227-233.
  53. Flachenecker G., Meinke H.R. Active Antennas with Transistors // Can Int Electronics Conf Rec Sept. 1967. P. 142-143.
  54. Maclean T.S.M., Ramsdale P.A. Signal/Noise Ratio for Short Integrated Antennas // Electronics Lett. 6 Feb. 1975. V. 11. P. 62-63.
  55. Fanson P.L., Chen K.-M. Instabilities and Resonances of Actively and Passively Loaded Antennas // Trans. IEEE. March 1974. V. AP-22. P. 344-347.
  56. Ziolkowski R.W., Kipple A.D. Application of Double Negative Materials to Increase the Power Radiated by Electrically Small Antennas // Trans. IEEE. Oct. 2003. V. AP-51. P. 2626-2640.
  57. Puente C. et al. Small but Long Koch Fractal Monopole // Electronics Lett. 8 Jan. 1998. V. 34. P. 9-10.
  58. Baliarda C.P., Romeu J., Cardama A. The Koch Monopole: A Small Fractal Antenna // Trans IEEE. Nov. 2000. V. AP-48. P. 1773-1781.
  59. Puente C. et al. Fractal Multiband Antenna Based on the Sierpinski Gasket // Electronics Lett. 4 Jan. 1996. V. 32. P. 1-2.
  60. Baliarda C.P. et al. An Iterative Model for Fractal Antennas: Application to the Sierpinski Gasket Antenna // Trans IEEE. May 2000. V. AP-48. P. 713-719.
  61. Vinoy K.J. et al. Hilbert Curve Fractal Antenna: A Small Resonant Antenna for VHF/UHF Applications // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 20 May 2001. V. 29. P. 215-219.
  62. Anguera J. et al. The Fractal Hilbert Monopole: A Two-Dimensional Wire // Microwave Optical Tech Ltrs. 20 Jan. 2003. V. 36. P. 102-104.
  63. Cohen N. Fractal Antennas-Part 1 / Commun Q Summer 1995. P. 7-22.
  64. Best S.R. On the Signifi cance of Current Vector Alignment in Establishing the Resonant Frequency of Small Space-Filling Wire Antennas // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2003. V. 2. P. 201-204.
  65. Zhu J., Engheta N. Peano Antennas // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2004. V. 3. P. 71-74.
  66. Best S.R., Morrow J.D. The Effectiveness of Space-Filling Fractal Geometry in Lowering Resonant Frequency // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2002. V. 1. P. 112-115.
  67. Best S.R., Morrow J.D. On the Signifi cance of Current Vector Alignment in Establishing the Resonant Frequency of Small Space-Filling Wire Antennas // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2003. V. 2. P. 201-204.
  68. Zhu J., Hoorfar A., Engheta N. Bandwidth, Cross-Polarization, and Feed-Point Characteristics of Matched Hilbert Antennas // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2003. V. 2. P. 2-5.
  69. Guterman J., Moreira A.A., Peixeiro C. Microstrip Fractal Antennas for Multistandard Terminals // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2004. V. 3. P. 351-354.
  70. Best S.R. On the Multiband Behavior of the Koch Fractal Monopole Antenna // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 5 Dec. 2002. V. 35. P. 371-374.
  71. Puente C. et al. On the Behavior of the Sierpinski Multiband Fractal Antenna // Trans. IEEE. April 1998. V. AP-46. P. 517-524.
  72. Liang X., Chia M.Y.W. Multiband Characteristics of Two Fractal Antennas // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 20 Nov. 1999. V. 23. P. 242-245.
  73. Soler J., Puente C., Puerto A. A Dual-Band Bidirectional Multilevel Monopole Antenna // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 20 Sept. 2002. V. 34. P. 445-448.
  74. Best S.R. A Comparison of the Performance Properties of the Hilbert Curve Fractal and Meander Line Monopole Antennas // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 20 Nov. 2002. V. 35. P. 258-262.
  75. Best S.R. A Discussion on the Quality Factor of Impedance Matched Electrically Small Wire Antennas // Trans. IEEE. Jan. 2005a. V. AP-53. P. 502-508; correction Jun. 2005. P. 2133.
  76. Courtesy of Choo H., Rogers R.L., Ling H. Design of Electrically Small Wire Antennas Using a Pareto Genetic Algorithm // Trans. IEEE. March 2005. V. AP-53. P. 1038-1046.
  77. Altshuler E.E., Linden D.S. An Ultrawide-Band Impedance-Loaded Genetic Antenna // Trans. IEEE. Nov. 2004. V. AP-52. P. 3147-3150.
  78. Choo H., Rogers R.L., Ling H. Design of Electrically Small Wire Antennas Using a Pareto Genetic Algorithm // Trans. IEEE. March 2005. V. AP-53. P. 1038-1046.
  79. Altshuler E.E. A Method for Matching an Antenna Having a Small Radiation Resistance to a 50-Ohm Line // Trans. IEEE. Sept. 2005. V. AP-53. P. 3086-3089.
  80. Best S.R. A Comparison of the Performance Properties of the Hilbert Curve Fractal and Meander Line Monopole Antennas // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 20 Nov. 2002. V. 35. P. 258-262.
  81. Best S.R. A Comparison of the Resonant Properties of Small Space-Filling Fractal Antennas // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2003. V. 2. P. 197-200.
  82. Gonzalez-Arbesu J.M., Blanch S., Romeu J. Are Space-Filling Curves Efficient Small Antennas // IEEE Ant Wireless Propagation Lett. 2003. V. 2. P. 147-150.
  83. Grimes D.M., Grimes C.A. Bandwidth and Q of Antennas Radiating TE and TM Modes // Trans. IEEE. May 1995. V. EMC-37. P. 217-226.
  84. Grimes C.A., Grimes D.M. A Clarifi cation and Extension of Bandwidth and Q of Antennas Radiating Both TE and TM Modes // Trans. IEEE. May 1996. V. EMC-38. P. 201-202.
  85. Grimes D.M., Grimes C.A. Power in Modal Radiation Fields: Limitations of the Complex Poynting Theorem and the Potential for Electrically Small Antennas // J EM Waves Appl. 1997. V. 11. P. 1721-1747.
  86. Grimes D.M., Grimes C.A. Radiation Q of Dipole-Generated Fields // Radio Sci. March-April 1999. V. 34. P. 281-296.
  87. McLean J.S. The Application of the Method of Moments to the Analysis of Electrically-Small «Compound» Antenna // EMC Symp Record Aug. 1995. P. 119-124.
  88. Grimes C.A. et al. Time-Domain Measurement of Antenna Q // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 20 April 2000. V. 25. P. 95-100.
  89. Grimes C.A. et al. Characterization of a Wideband, Low-Q, Electrically Small Antenna // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 5 Oct. 2000. V. 27. P. 53-58.
  90. Grimes D.M., Grimes C.A. Minimum Q of Electrically Small Antennas: A Critical Review // Microwave Optical Tech Lett. 5 Feb. 2001. V. 28. P. 172-177.
  91. Collin R.E. Minimum Q of Small Antennas // J EM Waves Appl. 1998. V. 12. P. 1369-1393.
  92. U.S. Patent, 4,809,009. Resonant Antenna. Grimes D.M., Grimes C.A. 28 Feb. 1989.
  93. U.S. Patent 6229494. Radiation Synthesizer Systems and Methods. Merenda J.T. 8 May 2001.
  94. ThaI H.L. New radiation Q limits for spherical wire antennas // IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. October 2006. V. AP-54. P. 2757-2763.
  95. John L. Volakis, Chi-Chih Chen, Kyohei Fujimoto Small Antennas: Modern Miniaturization Techniques & Applications / McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. 2010.
  96. Chu L.J. Physical Limitations of Omni-Directional Antennas // J Appl Physics. Dec. 1948. V. 19. P. 1163-1175.
  97. ThaI H.L. Gain and Q boundsJor coupled TM-TE modes // IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. July 2009. V. AP-57. № 7. P. 1879-1885.
  98. Kwon D.-H. On the Radiation Q and the Gain of Crossed Electric ang Magnetic Dipole Moments // Trans. IEEE. May 2005.  V. AP-53. P. 1681-1687.
  99. Chaloupka H. On the Frequency Bandwidth of Functionally Small Antennas // Proc URSI Symp EM Theory Aug. 1992. P. 266-268.
  100. Kwon D.H. Radiation Q and gain of TM and TE sources in phase-delayed rotated configurations // IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. August 2008. V. AP- 56. P. 2783-2786.
  101. Pozar D.M. New results for minimum Q, maximum gain, and polarization properties of electrically small arbitrary antennas // EuCAP 2009. Berlin. Germany. March 2009. P. 23-27.
  102. McLean J.S. A Re-Examination of the Fundamental Limits on the Radiation Q of Electrically Small Antennas // Trans. IEEE. May 1996. V. AP-44. P. 672-676.
  103. Gustafsson M., Sohl C., Kristensson G. Physical limitations on antennas of arbitrary shape // Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2007. V. 463. № 2086. P. 2589-2607.
  104. Hansen R.C., Collin R.E. A new Chu formula for Q // IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. October 2009. V. 51. № 5 P. 38-41.
  105. Green R.B. The general theory of antenna scattering / Ph.D thesis. The Ohio State University. November 1963.
  106. Thiele G.A., Detweiler P.L., Penno R.P. On the Lower Bound of the Radiation Q for Electrically Small Antennas // Trans. IEEE. June 2003. V. AP-51. P. 1263-1269.
  107. Foltz H.D., McLean J.S. Limits on the radiation Q of electrically small antennas restricted to oblong bounding regions // Proceedings of the IEEE AP-S International Symposium. 11-16 July 1999. V. 4. P. 2702-2705.
  108. Gustafsson M., Sohl C., Kristensson G. Physical limitations on antennas of arbitrary shape // Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2007. V. 463. № 2086. P. 2589-2607.
  109. Green R.B. The general theory of antenna scattering / Ph.D thesis. The Ohio State Universit. November 1963.
  110. Andersen J.B., Frandsen A. Absorption efficiency of receiving antennas // IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. September 2005. V. AP-53. P. 2843-2849.
  111. Newton R.G. Scattering Theory of Waves and Particles. 2d ed. / Springer-Verlag. New York. 1982.
  112. Taylor J.R. Scattering theory: The Quantum Theory of Nonrelativistic Collisions / Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company. Malabar. Fa. 1983.
  113. Kleinman R., Senior T. Low frequency scattering by space objects // IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. V. AES-11. P. 672-675.
  114. Best S.R. Low Q Electrically Small Linear and Elliptical Polarized Spherical Dipole Antennas // Trans. IEEE. March 2005.  V. AP-53. P. 1047-1053.
  115. Гречихин А. Электрически малые антенны: возможности и заблуждения // Радио. 1992. № 11. С. 8-10.
  116. Гречихин А.И., Окунев А.Г. Исследование эффективности тороидальных антенн СТНА / В кн.: «Радиоэлектронные и телекоммуникационные системы и устройства» Межвуз. сборник науч. трудов. Вып. 7. Н. Новгород: НГТУ. 2001.
  117. Гаврилин А.Т., Гречихин А.И., Проскуряков Д.В. Исследование характеристик тороидальной антенны со встречными спиральными обмотками // Радиотехника. 2001. № 9.
  118. Гречихин А.T. Тороидальные антенны // Радио. 2003. № 1. С. 64-66.
  119. Слюсар В. 60 лет теории электрически малых антенн // Электроника: Наука, Технология, Бизнес. 2006. № 7. С. 10-19.
  120. Воронов А.А. Применение сингулярных интегральных уравнений для анализа кольцевой рамочной антенны и малоотражающего конформного покрытия объектов // Дис. - к.ф.-м.н. Самара: ПГУТИ. 2009.
  121. Бабушкина О.А. Исследование перспективных схемно-конструктивных решений для антенно-фидерных устройств и фильтров СВЧ диапазона // Дис. - к.т.н. СПб.: ЛЭТИ. 2010.
  122. Бойко С.Н., Веселаго В.Г., Виноградов Е.А., Жуков А.А. Малогабаритные антенны на основе метаматериалов // Антенны. 2012. № 12. С. 32-41.
  123. Князев Н.С. Исследование характеристик сферических резонаторных антенн малых электрических размеров // Дис. - к.т.н. Екатеринбург: УРФУ. 2012.
  124. Шарафиев А.В. Многоэлементные джозефсоновские структуры для реализации высоколинейных широкополосных устройств // Дис. - к.ф.-м.н. М.: МГУ. 2013.