E.I. Minakov1, E.A. Makaretsky2, M.S. Basherov3

1–3 Tula State University (Tula, Russia)

1 eminakov@bk.ru, 2 makaretsky@mail.ru, 3 basherov@icloud.com

The complex problem of improving air traffic safety, including organizational and technical aspects, remains constantly relevant. Given the ambitious plans for the development of small aviation in Russia, the emergence (or restoration) of a large number of small airfields in the country, as well as a significant increase in the number of both manned and unmanned aircraft of various types, the problem of improving safety will experience a large number of new challenges. These include preventing collisions of aircraft, detecting interference on the runway, determining the position of the runway, etc. These security threats are compounded by the inability to deploy sophisticated navigation equipment at a large number of small airfields.

The safety of air traffic is ensured by collision prevention systems in the air. Currently, civil aviation aircraft use the Traffic Collision Avoidance System II (TCAS II) system. A new generation of collision avoidance systems, Airborne Collision Avoidance System X (hereinafter ACAS X). TCAS II applies only to aircraft that meet certain criteria for flight performance (for example, a minimum climb rate of 2,500 ft per minute), with the exception of general aviation and unmanned systems. When active, the TCAS system provides protection against collisions with other aircraft that are equipped with functioning radar air traffic control system transponders or an S. TCAS mode transponder allows for safe separation of aircraft whose trajectory forecast indicates the likelihood of a collision, while minimizing deviation or departure from the flight course prescribed by the air traffic control service. Interference control on the runway is also carried out by the Air traffic Control service.

Thus, the entire security complex is based on the navigation equipment of the air traffic control services, and small aircraft have practically no own hardware for monitoring the surrounding airspace. At the same time, the development of the component base of radar systems makes it possible to develop small-sized airborne radar facilities that provide an overview of the environment by small aircraft, even in conditions of poor visibility. Work in this direction is underway in various countries.

Minakov E.I., Makaretsky E.A., Basherov M.S. Radar system to improve aircraft situational awareness. Electromagnetic waves and electronic systems. 2025. V. 30. № 4. P. 76−85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j15604128-202504-07 (in Russian)

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