D.V. Shushpanov1

1 Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (Saint Petersburg, Russia)

1 dimasf@inbox.ru

To simplify the calculation of nonlinear circuits, a piecewise linear approximation of the current-voltage characteristic of nonlinear elements is used. The nonlinear elements are replaced by equivalent circuits containing ideal diodes in this case. There may be nonlinear elements, the equivalent circuits of which may contain both ideal diodes and positive and negative resistances in real electrical circuits. Therefore, it is very important to correctly calculate such circuits, especially if the presence of negative resistance can lead to uncertainty in determining the state of an ideal diode. This can expand the class of correct problems. The article examines all possible states of an ideal diode with both positive and negative load resistance. The reason for the uncertainty in determining the state of an ideal diode is considered. The possibility of eliminating this uncertainty by extending the "classical" model of an ideal diode with two states is considered. The possibility of the existence of a third state of an ideal diode is considered. An equivalent circuit for an ideal diode for this state is obtained taking into account Kirchhoff's laws and the law of conservation of energy. A generalized equivalent circuit for an ideal diode has been obtained, using which you can correctly calculate any currents and voltages in any circuit. The resulting generalized model of an ideal diode with three states expands the class of correct problems, which was limited to circuits in which it was impossible to unambiguously determine the state of an ideal diode using a “classical” ideal diode with two states.

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