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хМАР-технологии в области диагностики заболеваний и фундаментальных исследований

Е.И. Антонова1, Н.В. Фирсова2, Е.В. Балацюк3, Д.А. Викторов4, А.Б. Ачилов5

обзорная статья УДК 616-006.03, 616-006.6 Страницы: 42-59 doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202501-04

  1. 1,2,3,4,5 Научно-исследовательский центр фундаментальных и прикладных проблем биоэкологии и биотехнологии ФГБОУ ВО Ульяновский государственный педагогический университет им. И.Н. Ульянова (г. Ульяновск, Россия)
Ключевые слова: xMAP-технологиямикросферымультиплексная диагностика патогенов и генетических мутаций

Аннотация

Постановка проблемы. Высокая скорость и чувствительность, мультиплексность, специфичность диагностики биологических образцов являются отличительными особенностями хМАР-технологии. Эта технология нашла применение как в области анализа образцов клинического материала, так и в области фундаментальных исследований. Анализируемыми объектами являются нуклеиновые кислоты, белки-антитела, ферменты, лиганды рецепторов, которые в лабораториях определяются традиционными методами диагностики («золотой диагностический стандарт»), такими как полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР), количественная ПЦР в реальном времени (qPCR), ПЦР с обратной транскрипцией (RT-PCR), количественная ПЦР с обратной транскрипцией (RT-qPCR), иммуноферментный анализ (ELISA). В то же время данные методы исследования имеют ограничения – неспособность одновременно обнаруживать несколько анализируемых веществ в одной реакции. Развитие хМАР-технологии (x – анализируемый материал, MAP – профилирование по нескольким анализируемым веществам) как метода диагностики во многом определено растущим объемом протеомных, транскриптомных и геномных данных большого числа организмов. Несмотря на то, что ПЦР позволяет проводить мультиплексную амплификацию нескольких мишеней за один запуск, xMAP, как методология, разработанная с целью создания высокопроизводительной платформы биоанализа, обеспечивает быстрый, экономичный и одновременный анализ нескольких веществ в одном биологическом образце и используется в фармацевтических, клинических и исследовательских лабораториях.

Цель работы – ретроспективный мета- и библиометрический анализ в формате «scoping review» (аналитический обзор) опубликованных экспериментальных и фундаментальных исследований в области применения хМАР-технологии для расширенного и углубленного ознакомления с возможностями технологии и более широкого в дальнейшем ее применения как современного и перспективного мультиплексного метода исследования в области практической медицины и в области фундаментальных исследований.

Результаты. В обзоре представлены систематизированные данные, которые отражают как общий принцип технологии, так и различные подходы, форматы технологии мультиплексного анализа, в зависимости от типа анализируемого вещества – формат анализа нуклеиновых кислот (MBMNA) и мультиплексного иммуноанализа (MBMI), и технологии с описанием подходов и сферой применения.

Практическая значимость. Данный обзор дает возможность получить развернутое и систематизированное представление по вопросу более широкого использования в исследовательской и клинической сфере перспективного мультиплексного метода исследования, поскольку одной из главных задач современного исследователя является поиск релевантной информации, обладающей научной ценностью.

Поступила
20.08.2024
Одобрена
22.08.2024
Принята
14.02.2025

Для цитирования

Антонова Е.И., Фирсова Н.В., Балацюк Е.В., Викторов Д.А., Ачилов А.Б. хМАР -технологии в области диагностики заболеваний и фундаментальных исследований // Технологии живых систем. 2025. T. 22. № 1. С. 42-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/ j20700997-202501-04

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