О. E. Razinkovа1, S. N. Razinkov2
1 Vоrоnеzh State Technical University (Vоrоnеzh, Russia) 1, 2 MESC of Air Forces “N.Е. Zhukоvsky and Yu.А. Gаgаrin Air Force Academy” (Vоrоnеzh, Russia)
1 olgarazinkovaic@icloud.com, 2 razinkovsergey@rambler.ru
In the interests of achieving high spatial-frequency selectivity of signal transmission and reception during inertialless wide-angle scanning of space, mirror antennas are used with reflectors in the form of paraboloid of rotation and irradiators in the form of flat antenna arrays located on their focal axes. Parabolic reflectors provide an effective concentration of wave process energy in the narrow main beam of the antenna patterns. Due to electric control of amplitude-phase distribution of flat array currents, sectors of working angles are scanned both in horizontal and vertical planes without rotation of antenna or change of position of separate elements of its structure.
The best directional properties of the receiving-emitting structure are achieved with the beam pattern of the irradiator formed according to the criterion of minimizing the mean-square deviation of the envelope from the established shape. This beam selection rule, which controls the width of its main beam and the level of the far side lobes, avoids significant losses in the directivity of the antenna array when deviating from the focal axis of the mirror antenna. To find rational parameters of the design of a mirror parabolic-reflector antenna with electric space scanning functions, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model that establishes patterns of changing its directional pattern with variations in the amplitude-phase distribution of feed currents, and methods for generating these currents in accordance with the requirements for characteristics of correctness of transmitting and receiving signals in sectors of viewing angles.
The purpose of the article is investigation of trends of improvement of directional properties of a mirror parabolic-reflector antenna with electric scanning of space due to formation of a radiation pattern of an irradiator.
Using the physical optics method, a model for analyzing the beam pattern of a mirror antenna has been built, and on the basis of the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers for correcting the amplitude-phase distribution of currents of a flat antenna array, a method for forming the beam pattern of an irradiator for electric scanning has been developed. The objective difference of the criterion based on minimization root-mean-square deviation of the beam pattern of the array from the required shape has been justified in order to maintain the established width of the main beam and control the level of far side lobes in directions close to the boundaries of the viewing sector of the mirror antenna. Patterns of reduction of side lobes of antenna array directivity pattern at limitation of signal amplification losses during transmission-reception have been investigated.
By fixing the levels of the emitted (received) electromagnetic field at angular positions close to the directions of the greatest local extremes, the levels of the side lobes of the amplitude patterns of the arrays decrease with increasing width of the main beams. This result illustrates the possibility of achieving a compromise solution for the formation of antenna patterns with the exclusion of certain sectors of signal transmission-reception angles when co-storing high directivities.
Scanning the space in azimuth and elevation angle leads to the expansion of the directional patterns of the mirror parabolic antennas, which depends on the size of the viewing angle sectors.
A model of a mirror parabolic-reflector antenna with an irradiator in the form of a flat antenna array, which establishes the relationship of the beam pattern with parameters of the receiving-emitting structure, enables analysis of spatial frequency selectivity of transmitting and receiving signals during electrical scanning of space. The technique of generating amplitude-phase distribution of antenna array currents while minimizing the root-mean-square deviation of the radiation pattern from the established shape, determines methods for controlling complex amplitudes of element currents to preserve the gain and suppress side channels for transmitting and receiving signals. The obtained results contribute to the development of technologies for constructing mirror antennas with electric scanning at high indicators of spatial frequency selectivity of signal transmission and reception.
Razinkovа О.E., Razinkov S.N. Synthesis of irradiator beam pattern in the form of a flat antenna array for a mirror parabolic reflector antenna with electric space scanning. Antennas. 2026. № 1. P. 5–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202601-01 (in Russian)
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