Yu. V. Shishkin – Ph.D. (Eng.), Senior Research Scientist,

FSBI “16 CNIII” of Ministry of Defense of RF (Moscow)

E-mail: shkn@bk.ru

Yu. V. Yasyrev – Ph.D. (Eng.), Senior Research Scientist, Project Manager,

JSC “Concern “Sozvezdie” (Voronezh)

E-mail: ysrv@mail.ru

Methods for extracting the useful signal from the noise background are based on the use of their differences in time, amplitude, frequency, coding type, as well as the spatial coordinates of the sources of signal radiation and interference. Currently, the implementation of the first four methods is close in efficiency to the theoretical limit, largely due to the intensive development of digital methods for processing received signals. Therefore, the increase in the noise immunity of radio communications in these areas is practically exhausted.

In this situation, a further and at the same time a dramatic increase in noise immunity can only be achieved by using the so-called “spatial” resource. This path is based on taking into account objectively existing spatial differences in the location of signal sources and interference is implemented, in particular, on the basis of antenna arrays (AA). The use of spatial resource allows you to potentially improve noise immunity by a very significant amount – up to 30 ... 40 dB, and in favorable circumstances, and more, which is almost unattainable, all other things being equal, by other methods.

Communication AA in the receive mode by control type can be divided into two large classes – phased antenna arrays (PAA) and adaptive antenna arrays (AAA).

Due to the small size of moving objects of a tactical control unit, the use of a multiple-unit phased array in the range of 30–500 MHz is not possible, and the two-element AAA is the most acceptable option for the AA. To reduce the size of the antenna system, it is possible to use combined antenna elements with orthogonal polarization or antennas with various forms of the pattern.

The practical implementation of AAA is associated with the solution of the two most difficult problems – the formation of a reference signal correlated with the useful signal, and the provision of a high and stable level of identity of multi-channel receivers.

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