A.V. Shishlov - Ph. D. (Eng.), Deputy Head of Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University); Head of Department, PJSC «Radiofizika» (Moscow). E-mail: jscapex@online.ru Yu.V. Krivosheev - Ph. D. (Eng.), Lecturer, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University); Senior Research Scientist, PJSC «Radiofizika» (Moscow). E-mail: jscapex@online.ru V.I. Melnichuk - Research Scientist, PJSC «Radiofizika» (Moscow). E-mail: jscapex@online.ru

The features of contoured radiation patterns (beams) of phased array antennas are considered. The main parameters of contoured beam arrays are presented. The phase-only and amplitude-and-phase contoured beam synthesis problems are formulated and the comparison of their solutions - features is given. The engineering formulas have been obtained for estimating the efficiency of the an-tennas considered. The scanning features of phased arrays - contoured beams are described. Shaped beam synthesis maximizing gain by optimizing the amplitude and phase distributions yields somewhat superior results compared to phase-only optimization. The principal advantage of amplitude-and-phase synthesis is the possibility of forming low sidelobes outside the service area. Shaped beam synthesis maximizing equivalent isotropically radiated power by optimizing the amplitude and phase distributions leads to the solution having the constant amplitude distribution at the array elements which is equivalent to the phase synthesis problem solution. The diffracted edge waves of the aperture determine not only the sidelobe pattern of the contoured beam antenna but also the oscil-lations in the service area. It-s possible to find the phase synthesis problem solution that provides the edge waves being directed outside the service area which leads to improving the efficiency of the coverage of this area by the contoured beam. The connection between service area coverage efficiency and GAP - the product of minimum gain in the service area and the solid angle occupied by this service area, has been established. The estimates of service area coverage efficiency well matching the optimization results have been obtained by approximation of the contoured beam with a truncated cone (or pyramid). Scanning a contoured beam by addition of linear phase terms in the array aperture the contoured beam shape is changed according to coordinate lines of direction cosines. For the condition of grating lobes - absence within the visible space to be satisfied the phased array with a contoured beam must have lesser element spacing than the array with a pencil beam.

 

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