A.V. Oksuzyan1, E.G. Butolin2, V.E. Mitrofanov3, A.M. Gainutdinov4

1–4 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Izhevsk State Medical University"
of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Izhevsk, Russia)

1 Artur30st@mail.ru, 2 butoline@mail.ru, 3 mitrofanov.vladislav.ed@gmail.com, 4 123big.otis098@gmail.com

Various types of experimental models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease implemented on animals are used in scientific practice. One of them is a high-calorie diet with an increased fructose content. In addition, scientists are actively studying the negative effects of prolonged stress on the gastric mucosal barrier formed by glycoproteins, one of the terminal monosaccharides of which is fucose. The high degree of glycosylation of these compounds gives the mucus viscosity, which provides mechanical protection. The aim of the study was to establish changes in the parameters of fucoglycoprotein metabolism in the tissues of the liver, stomach and small intestine of rats on a high-calorie diet under conditions of immobilization stress and without it. The experiments were conducted on two experimental groups of white outbred male rats, the first - rodents kept on a fructose–enriched diet and the second – experimental rats, which combined a high-fructose diet against the background of immobilization stress. The morphological picture of the liver revealed the development of steatosis, infiltration, increased proliferation of Kupffer cells and the formation of fibrosis. At the same time, liver sections of the second experimental group of rats showed an increasing dynamics of these changes and a pronounced intensity of the above-described signs, compared with the group of animals without immobilization stress. The obtained results show high concentrations of transaminases, which confirms liver tissue damage in laboratory animals. The study revealed a significant increase in the level of total cholesterol in the blood serum of the experimental group in relation to the comparison group. In addition, the predominance of fucoglycoprotein degradation processes was noted in the blood of laboratory rodents, which is confirmed by an increase in total fucose and fucosidase activity, while in liver homogenates, on the contrary, anabolism of the studied connective tissue biopolymers was detected. In the tissues of the stomach and small intestine of rats in the series, with a "pure" fructose-enriched diet, the processes of synthesis and accumulation of fucoglycoproteins dominated, which may be due to an increase in insulin in the blood serum of laboratory rats and the possible inhibition of all digestion processes against the background of inflammatory and dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine, compensated by conjugation of monosaccharides. An increase in the concentration of total fucose and early activation of fucosidase activity in serum and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract in the studied animals under the combined effects of stress and a high-carbohydrate diet indicate significant violations of glycoprotein metabolism. The modulation of fucosylation is recognized as an important mechanism affecting protein function, immune modulation, and the progression of liver and gastrointestinal tract diseases. In addition, immobilization stress changes the dynamics of fucoproteins, reflecting the synergistic effect of stress factors and a hyperfructose diet on the progression of the pathological process. The findings highlight the importance of limiting the intake of added simple sugars (including fructose) in the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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