V.P. Panin1, N.R. Emer2, V.V. Krasnov3

1–3 All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (FGBNU VILAR) (Moscow, Russia)

1 zip1@list.ru, 2 emer2005s@gmail.com, 3 v.v.krasnov@mail.ru

The global trend of industrialization and urbanization contributes to the fact that the artificial habitat becomes permanent and assumes important ecological functions. The widest range of conditions of existence and the spectrum of habitats are occupied by microorganisms, therefore, understanding the processes structuring the microbial community of an artificial habitat is important in solving organizational and managerial problems in the field of health care, social, research and production spheres. The paper studies the possibility of using the structural and functional characteristics of the microbial component of the premises of "clean zones" when assessing the reliability of the results of measures to achieve the safety of biological objects. The research methods included sanitary and microbiological monitoring of the air and surfaces of the premises in different seasonal periods with quantitative accounting of microbial contamination, studying the structural and functional characteristics of the groups of identified microorganisms, as well as studying the properties of the obtained isolates in model experiments. It was found that the levels of microbial contamination of the air of the premises are subject to significant seasonal fluctuations. The dynamics of the number of microorganisms on the surfaces is also oscillatory, but no pronounced seasonal dependence is noted. Analysis of the graphical representation of the dynamics of the number of bacteria and micromycetes indicates the absence of synchronicity in the development of these groups of microorganisms. The recurring spectrum of bacterial isolates indicates the regular nature of contamination, the probable source of which is the staff and visitors, as indicated by their belonging to saprophytic and opportunistic species. Regularly carried out disinfection measures in the studied premises maintain the state of a "young" ecosystem, are an obstacle to the development of the microbial community, the complication of its structure and the achievement of a "mature" state by this system. Generalization of the data of model experiments confirms the correctness of the assumption that it is possible for microorganisms to begin to develop the laboratory environment from hard-to-reach points for disinfection. Identification of these points during mathematical data processing is difficult due to significant variation in the average values of the number of microorganisms in the surveyed objects. The identified significant information potential of the analysis of structural and functional characteristics of groups of microorganisms significantly complements the results obtained using sanitary and microbiological methods and reduces the risk of missing significant qualitative characteristics when operating exclusively with statistical conclusions.

Panin V.P., Emer N.R., Krasnov V.V. Improving the scientific and methodological foundations of sanitary and microbiological monitoring of premises in which biological structures are preserved. Technologies of Living Systems. 2025. V. 22. № 2. Р. 74-84. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.18127/j20700997-202502-08 (In Russian).

1. Kelley S.T, Gilbert J.A. Studying the microbiology of the indoor environment. Genome Biology. 2013. V. 14. P. 202. DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-2-202
2. Adams R.I., Bateman A.C., Bik H.M., Meadow J.F. Microbiota of the indoor environment: a meta-analysis. Microbiome. 2015. V. 3. № 49. P. 18. DOI: 10.1186/s40168-015-0108-3
3. Zhu X., Li X., Wang W., Ning K. Bacterial contamination screening and interpretation for biological laboratory environments. Medicine in Microecology. V. 5. 2020. P. 10. DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2020.100021
4. Ribeiro L.F., Lopes E.M., Kishi L.T. et al. Microbial community profiling in intensive care units expose limitations in current sanitary standards. Frontiers in Public Health. 2019. V. 7. 14 p. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00240
5. Cruz-López F., Martínez-Meléndez A., Garza-González E. How does hospital microbiota contribute to healthcare-associated infections? Microorganisms. 2023. V. 11. 12 p. DOI: 103390/microorganisms11010192
6. Emer N.R., Panin V.P., Krasnov V.V. Mikrobiologicheskaya ocenka kachestva dezinfekcii osobo chistyh pomeshchenij neme-dicinskogo naznacheniya. Sb. materialov mezhdunar. nauchnoj konferencii «Dostizheniya i perspektivy sozdaniya novyh lekarstvennyh rastitel'nyh preparatov». M.: FGBNU VILAR. 2023. S. 146–149. (in Russian).
7. Emer N.R., Kostina N.V., Netrusov A.I. i dr. Analiz sostoyaniya pochvennogo mikrobnogo soobshchestva pri dlitel'noj an-tropogennoj nagruzke. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. 2019. Ser. 17. Pochvovedenie. № 4. S. 56–62. (in Russian).
8. OFS 1.2.4.0002.18 Mikrobiologicheskaya chistota – Gosudarstvennaya farmakopeya Rossijskoj Federacii. XIV izdanie. T. 1. 1814 s. (in Russian).
9. GOST ISO 14644-1-2002 Mezhgosudarstvennyj standart CHistye pomeshcheniya i svyazannye s nimi kontroliruemye sredy. Chast' 1. Klassifikaciya chistoty vozduha. (in Russian).
10. Postanovlenie glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha Rossijskoj Federacii ot 24 dekabrya 2020 goda N 44 Ob utverzhdenii sanitarnyh pravil SP 2.1.3678-20 «Sanitarno-epidemiologicheskie trebovaniya k ekspluatacii pomeshchenij, zdanij, sooruzhenij, oborudovaniya i transporta, a takzhe usloviyam deyatel'nosti hozyajstvuyushchih sub"ektov, osushchestv-lyayushchih prodazhu tovarov, vypolnenie rabot ili okazanie uslug». (in Russian).
11. Case R.J., Boucher Y., Dahllöf I. et al. Use of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes as molecular markers for microbial ecology studies. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2007. V. 73. № 1. P. 278–288. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01177-06
12. MUK 4.2.2942—11. Metody sanitarno-bakteriologicheskih issledovanij ob"ektov okruzhayushchej sredy, vozduha i kon-trolya steril'nosti v lechebnyh organizaciyah: Metodicheskie ukazaniya. M.: Federal'nyj centr gigieny i epidemiologii Rospotrebnadzora. 2011. 12 s. (in Russian).
13. Bliznyuk U.A., Borshchegovskaya P.YU., Esaulova O.V. i dr. Vliyanie uskorennyh elektronov na vyzhivaemost' bakterij Escherichia coli. Tekhnologii zhivyh sistem. 2024. T. 21. № 1. S. 75–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202401-07 (in Russian).