E.I. Antonova1, N.V. Firsova2, N.A. Lengesova3

1–3 Scientific Research Center for Fundamental and Applied Problems of Bioecology and Biotechnology
Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov (Ulyanovsk, Russia)

1 antonov_67@mail.ru, 2 n-firsova@mail.ru, 3 lengesova@yandex.ru

Various expression systems are available for efficient production of target proteins, including prokaryotic, eukaryotic and mammalian systems. Pichia pastoris (now Komagataella phaffii) is the most widely used expression system in the field of genetic engineering as a more efficient target protein expression system. The wide range of practical applications of Pichia pastoris as an expression system determines the need for more in-depth morphofunctional, genetic and phylogenetic analyses of this group of microorganisms.

For this purpose, a retrospective meta- and bibliometric analysis in the format of a ‘scoping review’ of published experimental and basic research on the history of use as an expression system, taxonomic position, genome organisation, metabolism in comparison with other expression systems, and practical applications of the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) was carried out.

The review presents systematised data on the biology of the methylotrophic yeast P.pastoris (Komagataella phaffii). In particular, the phylogenetic position of the microorganism, the use of P.pastoris as an organism-producer of recombinant proteins in the process of biotechnological production, all types of strains and a detailed analysis of the organisation of the genome, as well as promoters and plasmids are considered. The metabolic pathways of P.pastoris are reviewed. In particular, the advantages of using the P.pastoris system – higher protein folding efficiency, fermentation with high cell density, strong expression system, genetic stability and mature protein secretion system to the external environment - are summarised. Information on the use of P.pastoris as a host cell for protein production, strains, and further applications of recombinant proteins in the pharmaceutical, food industry is given in chronological order. A detailed characterisation of the genome - size, chromosome organisation - is given. Examples and characterisation of plasmids used for protein expression, optimal methanol concentrations, types and structure of promoters, features of metabolism with description of metabolic pathways are given.

Thus, the presented review is a systematic and in-depth analysis of Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) biology for both the field of fundamental and practical application of the information presented in the article. The review includes new data on the biology of Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii), provides an opportunity to get a detailed and systematised view on this issue, since one of the main tasks of a modern researcher is to search for relevant information with scientific value.

Antonova E.I., Firsova N.V., Lengesova N.A. Characterization of Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) as an expression system for biotechnological production. Technologies of Living Systems. 2024. V. 21. № 4. Р. 112-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202404-12 (In Russian).

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