N.A. Oleynikova1, N.B. Babunashvili2, O.Yu. Nesterova3, N.V. Danilova4, O.A. Kharlova5, D.A. Okhobotov6, P.G. Malkov7, A.A. Kamalov8

1,3–8 Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)

2,8 Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common cancer type in men. In recent years, the researchers have focused on finding sufficient biomarkers of the tumor microenvironment (TME) due to its widely recognized capability to initiate and promote carcinogenesis.

The TME is mainly represented by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) – a heterogenous group of mesenchymal cells that modulate metastasis and further invasion of a tumor by rearranging and expanding extracellular matrix, as well as by mediating the interaction between other stromal cells and cancer cells. Lately, their exceptional role in disease progression has been reported. CAFs stimulate the angiogenesis inside the tumor, induce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the tumor cells. They are also responsible for development of the castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

CAFs are now considered an important prognostic factor in terms of tumorigenesis. CAFs phenotype is known to resemble this of epithelial cells which have gone through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, as CAFs expression pattern may vary in different organs, it’s crucial to study their properties in the context of PCa separately. Identifying CAFs on the early stages of disease, including the stage of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), not only allows the close dynamic monitoring of patients, but also the selection of targeted drugs that are capable of blocking the proliferation of TME, inhibiting thus the further progression of carcinogenesis. Therefore, identifying specific markers for CAFs shall become the key to predicting the outcome of the disease, and selecting the drugs.

In this work, we are analyzing recent publications on the topic and are trying to identify CAFs biomarkers that can be considered the most sufficient for diagnosing PCa and determining its stage. The combinations of markers are also discussed since they may act as even more sensitive indicators. As a result, the list of CAFs markers has been broadened, new promising markers have been described. What is more, the significance of several classical molecules has been reevaluated. The described molecules shall be considered not only prospective markers for PCa diagnostics and disease staging, but also targets for selective drug therapy.

Oleynikova N.A., Babunashvili N.B., Nesterova O.Yu., Danilova N.V., Kharlova O.A., Okhobotov D.A., Malkov P.G., Kamalov A.A. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in prostate cancer. Technologies of Living Systems. 2022. V. 19. № 4. Р. 5-23. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.18127/j20700997-202204-01 (In Russian)

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