Yu.Yu. Byalovsky1, I.S. Rakitina2

1,2 Ryazan Statе Mеdical Univеrsity (Ryazan, Russia)

In recent years, the idea has been formed that training the respiratory muscles, and in particular the inspiratory muscles, can increase exercise tolerance and the performance of the muscular system. The most commonly used method of training the respiratory muscles is additional respiratory resistance (ARR).

Target – to highlight the main mechanisms of the training action of additional respiratory resistance to increase exercise tolerance.

The review shows that ARR training is an effective ergogenic tool for increasing exercise tolerance. ARR training has been found to improve effector performance in a wide variety of exercises, including running, cycling, swimming and rowing. It has been hypothesized that the physiological effects of ARR that may explain increased exercise tolerance include diaphragm hypertrophy, muscle fiber type switching, improved nerve control of the respiratory muscles, increased respiratory muscle savings, weakened metabolic reflex of the respiratory muscles, and a decrease in perceived dyspnea and emotional stress. The main mechanisms linking ARR training with improved physical performance are changes in ventilation efficiency, oxygen delivery, cytokine release, motor unit recruitment, and respiratory muscle energy.

The studies analyzed have expanded our understanding of the mechanisms underlying exercise tolerance and those associated with the training effect of ARR. It is anticipated that future research will focus on the development of protocols for the use of resistive breathing exercises for specific sports, and work will continue to better understand the mechanisms of increasing exercise tolerance associated with the training effects of ARR.

Byalovsky Yu.Yu., Rakitina I.S. Effect of additional respiratory resistance on exercise tolerance. Technologies of Living Systems. 2022. V. 19. № 2. Р. 57-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202202-06 (In Russian)

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