E.S. Olenko1, E.V. Fomina2, V. F. Kirichuk3, A. I. Kodochigova4, V.D. Yupatov5

1 Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky (Saratov, Russia)

2–5 Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky (Saratov, Russia)

The aim of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of psychophysiological indicators in first-year students before and after acute stress load to determine the initial signs of a violation of their adaptive activity. Methods. 60 healthy male first-year students aged 19.2±1.5 years were examined. The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) indicators was carried out with the help of the APC VNS-Spectrum, LLC "Neurosoft". Central hemodynamics (M. I. rheography) Tishchenko) and cerebral blood flow (4-channel bipolar rheoencephalography) were studied using the Reo-Spektr-3 APC, manufactured by Neurosoft LLC. Cognitive function was studied using the "Exclusion of concepts" technique. Acute stress was modeled by the method of psychoemotional stress testing using the Scab Test. The data is presented as a median (Me) with the values of the quartile range (25%, 75%). The analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The significance of statistical estimates was assumed to be at least 95%. Results. The average values of the spectral-temporal values of HRV, central and cerebral hemodynamics in young first-year students before and after acute stress load corresponded to the physiological age norm without any significant changes. Regardless of the stress load, the boys showed moderate inter-basin asymmetry of blood flow on both sides with its increase in the area of the internal carotid arteries (CA from 15.9-21.4%). When assessing the cognitive abilities of first-year students before and after acute stress load, there is a high level of ability to identify significant features of subjects and the effectiveness of comparison and generalization, but after modeling acute stress, the number of correct answers significantly decreases, which indicates a deterioration in the ability to identify significant features of subjects and the effectiveness of comparison and generalization (p=0.035). Conclusion. In male first-year students, regardless of the modeling of acute stress load, there is a moderate inter-basin asymmetry of blood flow with its increase in the area of the internal carotid arteries on both sides, which feed the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which is responsible for a large number of mental functions. After acute stress modeling, the cognitive sphere suffers first with the preserved neurohumoral mechanisms of heart rate regulation and constant indicators of central hemodynamics.

Olenko E.S., Fomina E.V., Kirichuk V.F., Kodochigova A.I., Yupatov V.D. Psychophysiological adaptation of freshmen  in the modeling of acute stress. Technologies of Living Systems. 2021. V. 18. № 4. Р. 56−64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202104-06 (in Russian)

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