G.V. Rybina1

1 National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI» (Moscow, Russia)

1 gvrybina@yandex.ru

The purpose of this work is to analyze the results of the evolutionary development of cybernetics and artificial intelligence (AI) based on the consideration of the features of the most popular types of intelligent systems architectures, which are the final, strategically important software and hardware product of the synergy of methods and tools of cybernetics with methods and technologies of symbolic AI based on knowledge (with an emphasis on Russian developments and many years of experience the author in this field). The problem is analyzed based on several main aspects – historical, conceptual-functional, architectural, integrational and instrumental-technological. L.T. Kuzin's great merit is noted as one of the Russian pioneers of cybernetics, who for the first time proposed architecture, models and methods for building early artificial intelligence systems (AIS). The evolution of the term "AIS" is indicated, while maintaining the content towards the more common term "intelligent systems"

From the point of view of the integration aspect, special attention is paid to the system analysis of the typology of intelligent system architectures and the factors due to which the expansion of architecture and variation in the composition and structure of individual components in integrated intelligent systems are achieved. Some problems related to the lack of semantic unification of the terms and concepts used in describing the processes of integration and hybridization are considered.

Among the most popular architectures, the great role of knowledge-based systems as the core of intelligent systems is noted, and integrated expert systems (IES) with extensible functionality, scalable architecture and high synergetic ability are highlighted.

A significant place in the work is occupied by the analysis of the typology of dynamic intelligent systems (DIS), in the architectures of which the highest level of synergy of theoretical cybernetics, general theory of systems and AI has been achieved from the standpoint of formal conceptual and integration aspects. The main architectures of the DIS are described. An example of the synergy of a temporal solver and a subsystem of simulation modeling in dynamic IES, developed on the basis of the author's problem-oriented methodology for building IES, is given.

The analysis of foreign and Russian tools and technologies for automating the development of intelligent systems is completing its work. The analysis is carried out in the context of the evolutionary development of tools and general trends in the field of software engineering. A brief description of the intelligent software environment of the AT-TECHNOLOGY workbench is given.

Rybina G.V. Architectures of modern intelligent systems: synergy of cybernetics and symbolic artificial intelligence, tools and technologies for the development of intelligent systems. Neurocomputers. 2024. V. 26. № 4. Р. 69-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j19998554-202404-07 (In Russian)

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