I. V. Kudaeva - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of Clinical Diagnostic Biochemistry Laboratory, FSBI "East-Siberian Scientific Center of Human Ecology" SD RAMS (Angarsk)

The results of the experimental and clinical studies dealing with the pathogenesis of the autoimmune diseases of the nervous system are represented in this survey. The antibody synthesis is known to be the function of specific immunity. At the same time, in the recent years it was indicated that the cells of inborn immunity may be activated by the necrosis and apoptosis products promoting the activation of the autoimmune processes. At present, some pathogenetical concepts of the autoimmune processes in the nervous system are isolated. A special role in studying the problem above is.given to the function disorder of the hematoencephalic barrier which may occur both in the massive lesion of the brain matter and in the disfunction of the endothelium and astrocytes. Till present, the pathogenetical significance of the-higher level of the autoantibodies to the different antigens of the nervous system as well as the role of different biologically active substances, the growth factors and neuromediators remain not well studied. At the same time, the activation of cellular mechanisms of immunity may be very important in the development of autoimmune processes. The mitochondria disfunction, disorder of energetical metabolism in the neurones and astrocytes are considered as another mechanism of neurodegeneration development. The excitotoxicity, neurotoxicity of zinc, neurotoxicity of amyloid-β, role of cytokines, nitrogen oxide and growth factors may be isolated among the neurochemical mechanisms of the autoimmune disease development of the nervous system.

 

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