V.Yu. Pozdyshev – Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Associate Professor, Head of Research Division, 

Concern of Aerospace Defense «Almaz-Antey» (Moscow)

E-mail: pozvalerij@yandex.ru

A.V. Timoshenko – Dr.Sc.(Eng.), Professor, Deputy General Product Engineer – Head of Complex Department,  JSC «A.L. Mints Radiotechnical Institute» (Moscow)

E-mail: u567ku78@gmail.com

S.N. Razinkov – Dr.Sc.(Phys.-Math.), Senior Research Scientist, 

Leading Research Scientist of Research Test Center of Radio-electronic Struggle, 

MESC «Zhukovsky–Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)

E-mail: razinkovsergey@rambler.ru

O.E. Razinkova – Ph.D.(Eng.), Senior Research Scientist of Research Test Center of Radio-electronic Struggle, 

MESC «Zhukovsky–Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)

E-mail: olga-razinkova@rambler.ru

This article presents the results of experimental studies of accuracy of measurement of angular coordinates and location of radio radiation sources in unmanned monitoring complexes. Such complexes are used to analyze the situation in urbanized areas and in difficult terrain. Estimates of angular positions and coordinates of transmitters are signs that preserve invariance to changes in operating modes and parameters of signals. Therefore, they allow you to perform spatial selection and examine the dynamic states of objects when applying masking and stealth measures.

Directions of arrival of signals were determined from estimates of phase differences in three-channel phase direction finder with ring antenna array. In order to eliminate ambiguity of measurements due to cyclical phases of signals, differences of phase runs were estimated by arguments of products of complex conjugated voltages at outputs of antenna elements. Standard bearing errors are found according to the data of research experiments under conditions of radio measurement polygon when standard signal generators with fixed operating frequencies in the range of 30…3000 MHz are used.

Direction finding of radiators was carried out at a fixed point of mission at frequencies, where the level of background radio emissions monitored by the field intensity meter did not exceed 2 mcV/m, at signal-to-noise ratio in reception channels not less than 15 dB. During the measurement, the receiving equipment was tuned to the operating frequency of the bearing generator. When processing the results, the native noises of the receiving channels of the direction finder were considered Gaussian, additive, uncorrelated in different channels having the same power spectral density values.

It has been established that the standard errors of dialing lie within the range of 1.3…3.2 degrees.

Synthesis of movement routes of two unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with phase direction finders is performed in accordance with criterion of minimization of errors of triangulation determination of positions of radio emission sources. The target synthesis function is obtained on the basis of an analytical expression for calculating variance of estimation of coordinates of an object based on the results of bearing at two spatially spaced points and an equation of guidance to the radiator by multiple bearing at turning points of the route. The restrictions are set as an exception to the paths of unmanned aerial vehicles directly to the location of the object, as its a priori coordinates are unknown.

Unmanned aerial vehicles were flown at altitudes of 400 m and 1000 m at a speed in the horizontal plane varying from 20 m/s to 40 m/s at a wind speed at the ground of up to 10 m/s and its gusts in the working level of altitude of not more than 15 m/s. Ratio of flight altitude and inclined range to bearing radiator is selected on condition that its elevation angle does not belong to sector of angles of antenna system shielding by carrier body.

Based on the results of bearing of standard signal generators with fixed frequencies, it has been established that the lowest standard errors of object coordinate estimates are achieved when unmanned aerial vehicles move along paths in the form of spirals at heading angles set by posteriori values of bearing dispersion in turning points.

It is shown that standard errors in determining the coordinates of objects are 1.5…2.3% of the distance between them and the center of the base of the triangulation system.

1. Makarenko S.I., Timoshenko A.V., Vasilchenko A.S. Analiz sredstv i sposobov protivodeistviya bespilotnym letatelnym apparatam. Chast 1. Bespilotnyi letatelnyi apparat kak obieekt obnaruzheniya i porazheniya. Sistemy upravleniya, svyazi i bezopasnosti. 2020. № 1. S. 109−146. (In Russian).
2. Ufaev V.A., Razinkov S.N. Algoritmy pelengovaniya radiosignalov po fazovym izmereniyam v koltsevykh antennykh reshetkakh. Radiotekhnika. 2003. № 10. S. 78−81. (In Russian).
3. Ufaev V.A., Razinkov S.N., Chikin M.G. Obnaruzhenie i identifikatsiya signalov v panoramnykh fazometricheskikh radiopelengatorakh. Antenny. 2008. № 3(130). S. 57−62. (In Russian).
4. Gutorov R.V., Shlykov V.A. Struktura trekhkanalnogo vsenapravlennogo fazovogo monoimpulsnogo pelengatora. Telekommunikatsii. 2002. № 10. S. 23−25. (In Russian).
5. Razinkov S.N., Zhidko E.A., Lukin M.Yu. Eksperimentalnoe mestoopredelenie istochnikov radioizlucheniya po mnogokratnym otsenkam uglovykh koordinat v bespilotnykh kompleksakh monitoringa. Informatsionno-izmeritelnye i upravlyayushchie sistemy. 2018. T. 16. № 6. S. 57−63. (In Russian).
6. Razinkov S.N. Eksperimentalnye otsenki uglovykh koordinat i mestopolozheniya istochnikov radioizlucheniya vysokomobilnymi obnaruzhitelyami-pelengatorami. Fizika i tekhnicheskie prilozheniya volnovykh protsessov. 2019. T. 22. № 4. S. 74−81. (In Russian).
7. Zhidko E.A., Razinkov S.N. Metodiki opredeleniya uglovykh koordinat i mestopolozheniya istochnikov radioizlucheniya v bespilotnykh kompleksakh monitoringa i eksperimentalnye otsenki tochnosti etikh parametrov. Izmeritelnaya tekhnika. 2019. № 10. S. 41−46. (In Russian).
8. Neganov V.A., Osipov O.V., Raevskii S.B., Yarovoi G.P. Elektrodinamika i rasprostranenie radiovoln. Pod red. V.A. Neganova. i S.B. Raevskogo. M.: Radio i svyaz. 2005. 648 s. (In Russian).
9. Kondratev V.S., Kotov A.V., Markov L.N. Mnogopozitsionnye radiotekhnicheskie sistemy. Pod red. V.V. Tsvetnova. M.: Radio i svyaz. 1986. 264 s. (In Russian).
10. Obnaruzhenie, raspoznavanie i opredelenie parametrov obrazov obieektov. Metody i algoritmy. Pod red. A.V. Korennogo. M.: Radiotekhnika. 2012. 112 s. (In Russian).