I.V. Demichev – Ph.D.(Eng.), Associate Professor, 

Cherepovets Higher Military Engineering School of Radio Electronics

E-mail: cvviur6@mil.ru

V.A. Ognev – Post-graduate Student, 

Cherepovets Higher Military Engineering School of Radio Electronics

E-mail: cvviur6@mil.ru

The assessment of the wave arrival direction in modern direction-finders is based on superresolution algorithms that implement differential measurement of the phase front parameters and ensure the accuracy of assessment the angular coordinates of about 1°. At the same time, the analysis of radio wave propagation features in a granular ionospheric height shows that Faraday and Cotton-Mouton effects appear, which leads to deformation of the initial polarization of the radio wave. Radio wave can change the parameters of polarization, and may become partially polarized. In addition, when the Cotton-Mouton effect appears, the wave splits into ordinary and extraordinary modes. Thus, at the receiving point, a superposition of multimode propagation of differently polarized waves is observed.

Known technical means do not fully consider these features, which leads to errors that significantly affect the accuracy of one-point positioning system for high frequency radio sources (OPPSHF). In this regard, the aim of the work is to improve the quality of radio reception by means of an OPPSHF by expanding the capabilities of the antenna-receiving path for recording and spatially-polarizing processing of incoming ionospheric radio waves. To solve this problem, it is proposed to include in the model of the considered system: an antenna-sensor, which allows to register the spatial-orthogonal components of the electric field strength; the means of spatial-polarization processing of the incoming wave. The approach is based on the method proposed by M. Morgan and V. Evans, which makes it possible to determine the polarization parameters in the plane of the wave front in any direction of radio wave propagation by measuring three orthogonal complex projections of the field vector. To solve the method, an antenna with linearly polarized elements located in space in three orthogonal directions is necessary. In this case, the phase centers of the antenna elements should be located at one point. A variant of such an antenna can be a system of orthogonal symmetrical vibrators. The signals from the outputs of orthogonal elements actually reflect the orthogonal projections of the wave field complex amplitudes.

However, the influence of the underlying surface on the electrical characteristics of the elements have significant differences and to achieve a high identity of the orthogonal channels in the required frequency range is a task extremely time-consuming and practically unsolvable. The antenna model proposed by the authors solves this problem. At the same time, the transition to the concept of a fullfield vector implies a mathematical description of the processes of rotational motion of vectors. From this point of view, the most convenient is the use of the apparatus of quaternions, which the description of the motion of an electromagnetic wave is the most complete and compact, quite simple and accessible to study. 

This approach to solving the problem allows us to expand the space of informative signs by measuring the spatial-polarization parameters of ionospheric radio waves, ensure spatial-polarization coordinated radio reception and increase the energy availability of the high-frequency radio sources to 12 dB and improve the accuracy coordinates in the means of a OPPSHF.

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