E.B. Ipatov - Ph.D. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, Department of General Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University). E-mail: ipatoveb@mail.ru S.P. Kuznetsov - Ph.D. (Phys.-Math.), Leading Research Scientist, Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). E-mail: ckuz@sci.lebedev.ru A.V. Meskov - Ph.D. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Research Scientist, Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). E-mail: ckuz@sci.lebedev.ru A.V. Shelagin - Dr.Sc. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, Department of General Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University). E-mail: Anatoly.Shelagin@gmail.com D.E. Ipatov - Assistant, Department of General Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University). E-mail:: ipatoveb@mail.ru

The article describes a method for investigation of nanostructured materials based on the study of the scattering of very cold neutrons. The elements of structure in these materials (nanostructures) have characteristic dimensions from one nanometer to a hundred nanometers. Very cold neutrons (VCN) - is neutrons with energies eV. In this energy range, the elastic scattering of such neutrons by nanostructures does not change the state of the investigated object (scatterer). The article is organizing as follows: introduction, three sections, conclusion and literature. The first section provides a brief description of the scattering method VCN and time of flight spectrometer VCN. This spectrometer is designing to measure the dependencies total cross section VCN elastic interaction with the sample material from the neutron speed, incident from the vacuum. During measurement the attenuation method was used. The technique, developed by the authors, allows to obtain in experiments on the passage of VCN macroscopic elastic scattering cross section. For randomly inhomogeneous media, these sections are defined by correlation functions of the medium or the distribution in size and shape of the scatterers. The article discusses models that describe the structure of lenses  discrete and continuous diffusers, fractal environments, superstructures. In the second section are calculated macroscopic cross sections for elastic incoherent scattering VCN these environments. The results of the application of VCN scattering method are given in the third section. Here analyzes the following models randomly inhomogeneous media, in which randomly positioned discrete heterogeneity (spheres, disks, cylinders) with a concentration of less than 10% are non-structured or heterogeneity described by correlation functions. Details are researched also fractally similar systems. The particles  scatterers in such systems are organized into clusters. These clusters have an internal structure that can be described in the language fractals. The fundamental parameter in the description of the geometric arrangement of the particles in the clusters is the fractal dimension. Determination of the fractal dimension of the clusters, and other parameters can be carried out in experiments on the scattering of VCN. The paper presents the typical TEM - images of structures on which VCN scattering can be described by the correlation functions of fractal type. The paper presents the typical TEM - images of structures on which VCN scattering can be described by the correlation functions of fractal type. Finally, in conclusion, the authors have tried to assess the state of the scattering method VCN and its development prospects.

 

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