V.I. Kapustin - Dr. Sc. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Moscow State University of Information Technologies, Radio Engineering and Electronics (MIREA). E-mail: kapustin01@mail.ru Lee I P - Ph. D. (Eng.), Deputy Director, JSC «Pluton» (Moscow) V.I. Svitov - Ph. D. (Eng.), Professor, Moscow State University of Information Technologies, Radio Engineering and Electronics (MIREA) A.V. Shumanov - Head of Laboratory, JSC «Pluton» (Moscow) A.V. Turbina - Process Engineer, JSC «Pluton» (Moscow) A.K. Zakharov - Ph. D. (Eng.), Professor, Moscow State University of Information Technologies, Radio Engineering and Electronics (MIREA)

The production of vacuum microwave devices realized currently by many enterprises, including Open Joint Stock Company «Pluton», uses porous metal cathodes based on tungsten sponge impregnated with barium aluminate-calcium composition BaO-2,5-0,4 CaO-Al2O3. At the same time, any adequate physical and chemical models of structure formation of such materials at the nanoscale level does not exist yet. Methods of optical absorption spectroscopy and characteristic electron energy losses spectroscopy is applied for the structure of the electronic levels of the oxygen vacancy and electron concentration in the oxide of barium investigation, which is the main emission-active component of porous metal and «scandate» cathodes for microwave devices. The decoding of the EEL spectra for porous metal and «scandate» cathodes is carried out. The values of electron concentrations in barium oxide for porous metal and «scandate» cathodes are calculated. The results of the calculation show that for impregnated tungsten matrix oxide phase oxygen vacancies concentration in «scandate» cathode is 1.62 times less than in porous metal cathode. This is due to higher thermal stability of barium scandate in comparison with the aluminate. Electronic structure of standard porous metal and «scandate» cathode investigated shows two factors of influence of scandium on the improvement of emission properties «scandate» cathode compared to porous metal cathode. This may allow to formulate a physical and chemical model of «scandate» cathode functioning, which is still absent for 40 years after its invention.

 

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