A. D. Ivanov1, A. Yu. Tychkov2, D. S. Chernyshov3, A. K. Alimuradov4, O. S. Simakova5

1–5 Penza State University (Penza, Russia)
1Sailtothe54@gmail.com, 2tychkov-a@mail.ru, 3deniska_1980_13@mail.ru, 4alansapfir@yandex.ru, 5zcsio@mail.ru

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are increasingly used in medicine for long-term monitoring of brain activity under free motor behavior. However, there is a shortage of tools for debugging and diagnostics of such BCIs, especially when they are integrated with virtual reality (VR) technologies for neurorehabilitation. The lack of means to reproducibly emulate brain electrical activity complicates the development and testing of the complete measurement chain and the adaptive algorithms of the “brain–computer–virtual reality” interface.

Objective – to develop an electroencephalography (EEG) signal generator–an autonomous unit capable of producing artificial rhythms of brain electrical activity and artifacts–for use within a hardware–software “brain–computer–virtual reality” system. The generator is intended for diagnostics, development, and testing of BCIs, providing reproducible conditions for interface tuning and for refining algorithms that adapt the virtual environment.

A mathematical framework is proposed for modeling EEG rhythms across different bands with allowance for external environmental influences. Formulas are presented for generating rhythms with a stochastic envelope and for forming their composite signal with artifacts. A technical implementation is proposed for an autonomous, shielded signal generator that connects to the input of the recording hardware in place of electrodes. The generator reproduces typical EEG rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, beta) and superimposes controlled disturbances–blink artifacts, electromyographic interference, and baseline drift. Multiple generation modes and an automatic self-diagnostic mode for the measurement chain are implemented.

The developed EEG signal generator is a new tool for BCI development and testing. It accelerates development and improves interface reliability by enabling repeated playback of brain-activity scenarios under controlled conditions. The obtained results are integrated into the “brain–computer–virtual reality” complex and can be used in neurorehabilitation, expanding the possibilities of personalized therapy for patients.

Ivanov A.D., Tychkov A.Yu., Chernyshov D.S., Alimuradov A.K., Simakova O.S. Brain Electrical Activity Signal Generator within a “Brain–Computer–Virtual Reality” Interface. Biomedicine Radioengineering. 2026. V. 29. № 3. P. 23–28. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.18127/ j15604136-202603-04 (In Russian)

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