S.A. Lysenko1, A.M. Pristash2, N.N.Yuryshev3, V.I. Denisenkо4, D.V. Sergeev5

1–3 Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk Branch (Moscow, Troitsk, Russia)
4,5 “Russian Scientific Center of Surgery", Scientific and Clinical Center No. 3, (Moscow, Troitsk, Russia)
1 s.lyssenko@mail.ru, 2 pristash1973@mail.ru, 3 yuryshev@rambler.ru, 4 admin@hospital.troitsk.ru, 5 Sergeevmd@yandex.ru

Exposure to optical radiation during physiotherapy procedures can last tens of minutes. When conducting studies of the effect of such an effect on hemoglobin, it is not easy to ensure the immobility of the subject, as well as the absence of the influence of other physiological factors, such as speech, mental state, thoughts. The presence of these artifacts leads to distortions in the readings of sensitive optical sensors of pulse oximeters, and there is a problem of separation in the recorded signals of the contributions of external optical effects on hemoglobin and physiological processes independently occurring in the body, especially if the useful signals are weak and the level of signals from external effects is quite significant.

To overcome the negative influence of physiological factors on blood oxygen saturation measurements and separate their contribution from the results of external optical radiation on hemoglobin, we proposed testing a differential measurement scheme consisting of two separate pulse oximeter sensors controlled by a single external microcontroller. Both sensors are located at some distance from each other, with one located directly within the optical exposure zone of the external radiation, and the other outside it.

Using the developed differential measurement scheme, we found a reduction in the influence of physiological factors on the measured saturation differences between two pulse oximeters.

The shapes of the curves displaying the saturations of the two pulse oximeters in real time are correlated. Their fluctuations are nearly identical and are caused by physiological and movement artifacts, with IR exposure increasing the amplitude of the fluctuations.

The dynamics of the saturation differences between the two pulse oximeters indicates the degree of influence of external optical radiation on hemoglobin, and this is reflected in changes in the percentage of oxygen in hemoglobin.

Near-IR radiation can significantly interfere with the signals recorded by a pulse oximeter located within the area of the optical emitter. Therefore, it is advisable to apply additional filtering to the measured data or perform measurements during a brief, microcontroller-controlled shutdown of the optical emitter.

The use of a differential scheme will allow for a rapid and cost-effective improvement in the quality of studies of the effects of various types of optical radiation on hemoglobin using pulse oximetry in scientific research and therapeutic procedures based on local exposure of biological tissue to laser or LED radiation, including photobiomodulation, laser physiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy.

Lysenko S.A., Pristash A.M., Yuryshev N.N., Denisenkо V.I., Sergeev D.V. Application of differential measurement scheme of pulse oximetry parameters at external optical exposure. Biomedicine Radioengineering. 2026. V. 29. № 2. P. 5–15. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.18127/ j15604136-202602-01 (In Russian)

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