V.M. Generalov1, A.A. Cheremiskina2, M.V. Kruchinina3, A.V. Gluhov4, G.A. Buryak5, A.S. Safatov6

1,2,5,6 State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor (Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia)
3 Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS» (Novosibirsk, Russia)
4 Novosibirsk Plant of Semiconductor Devices «Vostok» (Novosibirsk, Russia)
1 general@vector.nsc.ru, 2 cheremiskina_aa@vector.nsc.ru, 3 kruchmargo@yandex.ru, 4 glwav@yandex.ru, 5 buryak@vector.nsc.ru, 6 safatov@vector.nsc.ru

Problem statement. The recently concluded COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023) has shown the need to create fast and effective methods for laboratory diagnosis of viruses that could analyze a large number of samples in a short period of time. In addition to medicine, such methods are important for scientific and environmental research, environmental monitoring, etc. Modern advances in electronics and biology have made it possible to develop a new promising method for detecting viruses, as well as other biological molecules – a biosensor based on a silicon field-effect transistor. With its help, it is possible to conduct real-time analysis with high sensitivity and selectivity. It was found that the detection time is 200–300 seconds, and the sensitivity is 103–104 viral particles per ml. Also, an important part of the detection method using a biosensor is the recording device. It ensures that the target signal is detected from the background in order to prevent the appearance of a false positive or false negative result.

Goal. This work was carried out in order to develop the designs and principles of operation of the biosensor and the corresponding recording device using the example of protein detection.

Results. An original biosensor design is presented, aimed at facilitating its use in analysis. The principle of software development for obtaining a target signal in the detection process is described.

The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of familiarizing the reader with a biosensor based on a silicon nanowire field effect transistor, studying existing achievements, as well as unresolved issues in this field of research.

Generalov V.M., Cheremiskina A.A., Kruchinina M.V., Gluhov A.V., Buryak G.A., Safatov A.S. Field-effect transistor-based biosensor: new opportunities in diagnostics. Biomedicine Radioengineering. 2025. V. 28. № 6. P. 65–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/ j15604136-202506-07 (In Russian)

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