I.M. Larina1, A.G. Goncharova2, L.H. Pastushkova3, D.N. Kashirina4,
A.N. Chebotok5, A.S. Kononikhin6, A.G. Břosovsky7, E.A. Ilyin8

1–8 State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation – Institute of Medical and Biological Problems
of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)

Formulation of the problem. Studies of the influence of the unique conditions of Antarctica on the human body in the exercise of long-lasting professional activity creates unique opportunities for solving multifaceted problems of fundamental, applied physiology and medicine. The purpose of the work is the analysis of the peculiarities of the proteoma composition of the blood of a healthy person, ensuring the processes of energy homeostasis during the one-year wintering at the East Antarctic station. Mass spectrometric analysis of "dry" blood spots obtained under conditions of a year of isolation at the Antarctic station Vostok identified 1239 different proteins. The proteomic composition significantly changed by the fourth and twelfth months. Changes in the proteome are primarily aimed at regulating the processes of maintaining energy homeostasis. The features of energy supply during isolation, hyperbaric hypoxia and hypokinesia at Vostok station in Antarctica are the transition to fat oxidation via the dicarboxylic pathway, the ubiquitin-dependent pathway of protein catabolism, and the change in glucose metabolism.

Larina I.M., Goncharova A.G., Pastushkova L.H., Kashirina D.N., Chebotok A.N., Kononikhin A.S., Břosovsky A.G., Ilyin E.A. Features of the proteomic regulation of energy metabolism during the annual wintering at the Antarctic station “Vostok”. Biomedicine Radioengineering. 2022. V. 25. № 1. Р. 5-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j15604136-202201-01 (In Russian).

1. Strewe C., Moser D., Buchheim J.I., Gunga H.C., Stahn A., Crucian B.E., Fiedel B., Bauer H., Gössmann-Lang P., Thieme D., Kohlberg E., Choukèr A., Feuerecker M. Sex differences in stress and immune responses during confinement in Antarctica. Biol. Sex Differ. 2019 Apr 16. V. 10(1). P. 20. DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0231-0
2. Johnsen B.H., Brattebø G., Phillips T.M., Gjeldnes R., Bartone P.T., Monsen H.N., Thayer J.F. Crossing the Antarctica: Exploring the Effects of Appetite-Regulating Hormones and Indicators of Nutrition Status during a 93-Day Solo-Expedition. Nutrients. 2021 May 23. V. 13(6). P. 1777. DOI: 10.3390/nu13061777
3. Arendt J. Biological rhythms during residence in polar regions. Chronobiol. Int. 2012 May. V. 29(4). P. 379–394. DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.668997
4. Suedfeld P., Weiss K. Antarctica natural laboratory and space analogue for psychological research. Environ. Behav. 2000 Jan.
   V. 32(1). P. 7–17. DOI: 10.1177/00139160021972405
5. Pagel J.I., Choukèr A. Effects of isolation and confinement on humans-implications for manned space explorations. J. Appl. Physiol (1985). 2016 Jun 15. V. 120(12). P. 1449–1457. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00928.2015
6. Samaja M. Blood gas transport at high altitude. Respiration. 1997. V. 64(6). P. 422–428. DOI: 10.1159/000196718
7. Caputo V., Pacilli M.G., Arisi I., Mazza T., Brandi R., Traversa A., Casasanta G., Pisa E., Sonnessa M., Healey B., Moggio L., D'Onofrio M., Alleva E., Macrì S. Genomic and physiological resilience in extreme environments are associated with a secure attachment style. Transl. Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 9. V. 10(1). P. 185. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00869-4
8. Arendt J., Middleton B. Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75°S). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2018 Mar 1.
   V. 258. P. 250–258. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.010
9. Steinach M., Kohlberg E., Maggioni M.A., Mendt S., Opatz O., Stahn A., Tiedemann J., Gunga H.C. Changes of 25-OH-Vitamin D during Overwintering at the German Antarctic Stations Neumayer II and III. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 7. V. 10(12). P. e0144130. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144130
10. Mairesse O., MacDonald-Nethercott E., Neu D., Tellez H.F., Dessy E., Neyt X., Meeusen R., Pattyn N. Preparing for Mars: human sleep and performance during a 13 month stay in Antarctica. Sleep. 2019 Jan 1. V. 42(1). DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy206
11. Palinkas L.A., Glogower F., Dembert M., Hansen K., Smullen R. Incidence of psychiatric disorders after extended residence in Antarctica. Int. J. Circumpolar Health. 2004 May. V. 63(2). P. 157–168. DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v63i2.17702
12. Palinkas L.A., Reedy K.R., Shepanek M., Reeves D., Samuel Case H., Van Do N., Lester Reed H. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and short-term exposure to bright light in prevention of decrements in cognitive performance and mood during prolonged Antarctic residence. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 2010 Apr. V. 72(4). P. 543–550. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03669
13. Strewe C., Thieme D., Dangoisse C., Fiedel B., van den Berg F., Bauer H., Salam A.P., Gössmann-Lang P., Campolongo P., Moser D., Quintens R., Moreels M., Baatout S., Kohlberg E., Schelling G., Choukèr A., Feuerecker M. Modulations of Neuroendocrine Stress Responses During Confinement in Antarctica and the Role of Hypobaric Hypoxia. Front. Physiol. 2018 Nov 26. V. 9. P. 1647. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01647
14. Yadav A.P., Mishra K.P., Ganju L., Singh S.B. Wintering in Antarctica: impact on immune response of Indian expeditioners. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2012. V. 19(6). P. 327–333. DOI: 10.1159/000339512
15. Feuerecker M., Crucian B., Salam A.P., Rybka A., Kaufmann I., Moreels M., Quintens R., Schelling G., Thiel M., Baatout S., Sams C., Choukèr A. Early adaption to the antarctic environment at dome C: consequences on stress-sensitive innate immune functions. High Alt. Med. Biol. 2014 Sep. V. 15(3). P. 341–348. DOI: 10.1089/ham.2013.1128
16. Feuerecker M., Crucian B.E., Quintens R., Buchheim J.I., Salam A.P., Rybka A., Moreels M., Strewe C., Stowe R., Mehta S., Schelling G., Thiel M., Baatout S., Sams C., Choukèr A. Immune sensitization during 1 year in the Antarctic high-altitude Concordia Environment. Allergy. 2019 Jan. V. 74(1). P. 64–77. DOI: 10.1111/all.13545
17. Hattersley J., Wilson A.J., Thake C.D., Facer-Childs J., Stoten O., Imray C. Metabolic rate and substrate utilisation resilience in men undertaking polar expeditionary travel. PLoS One. 2019 Aug 15. V. 14(8). P. e0221176. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221176
18. Porcelli S., Marzorati M., Healey B., Terraneo L., Vezzoli A., Bella S.D., Dicasillati R., Samaja M. Lack of acclimatization to chronic hypoxia in humans in the Antarctica. Sci. Rep. 2017 Dec 22. V. 7(1). P. 18090. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18212-1
19. Yadav A.P., Mishra K.P., Ganju L., Singh S.B. Wintering in Antarctica: impact on immune response of Indian expeditioners. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2012. V. 19(6). P. 327–333. DOI: 10.1159/000339512