N.N. Lebedeva
Dr.Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Head of laboratory,
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS (Moscow)
E-mail: lebedeva@ihna.ru
E.D. Karimova
Ph.D. (Biol.), Research Scientist, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS (Moscow)
A.V. Vekhov
Research Scientist, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS (Moscow)
G.B. Milovanova
Ph.D. (Biol.), Research Scientist, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS (Moscow)

Today, the problem of emotional disorders among residents of large cities is getting ever more acute. Acceleration of the pace of life, increased stress, and social responsibility lead to the fact that the stress of the acute goes into the chronic. Chronic stress is the main cause of psycho-emotional disorders, such as depression, panic and anxiety disorders, hypochondria. A person is not able to fully experience all emotions, as a result of which his rhythm of life and relationships with people change, professional qualities are lost. All this leads to social disadaptation.

The group of patients was 134 people (90 women, 44 men, mean age 38 ± 3 years) with several types of affective disorders. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of depressive episode (F32.1, F33.1 for ICD-10) or mixed depressive and anxiety disorder (F41.2), hypochondriacal disorder (F45.2), panic disorder (F41.0), presence of additional asthenic or anxiety syndromes.

Also, 49 healthy subjects (34 women, 15 men, age of mean age 36 ± 3 years) were invited to participate in the study, without any psychoneurological diagnosis, with the exclusion criteria that made up the control group with similar groups of patients.

The first test was “simple visual-motor response”, the second test was a “complex hand-eye reaction” or two-alternative choice reaction. There were 35 incentives in each test. Such indicators like the average time of the reaction, the standard deviation of the average reaction, time mode Mo, mode amplitude Amo, median, Tmin and Tmax reaction time and the number of errors were evaluated.

Patients were tested twice - the first time on the second day after admission, and the second time after 18-22 days before discharge. Statistical analysis was done by using the Wilcoxon test for paired comparisons, Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA analysis of variance for repeated measures.

There were found that:

The time of a simple visual-motor reaction is not different in patients with affective disorders from healthy subjects, as well as in men and women;

The average time and other parameters of a complex visual-motor reaction significantly worsen in patients with affective disorders;

The average time of a complex motor-visual reaction is significantly greater in women, both among patients and among healthy subjects;

After treatment in the hospital, the average reaction time in patients does not change, however, the mean square deviation of the RMS of the reaction time is reliably reduced, that is, the stability of the visual-motor act improves;

The average response time after treatment is significantly reduced only among female patients.

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