Yu.P. Chukova - Ph.D. (Phys.-Math)., Se-nior Research Scientist, Academician of the Russian People-s Academy of Science (RPAS), Head of Department «Public health and ecology safety of RPAS, Direc-tor of the Krasnopresnenskiy Ecological Fund, expert of UNESCOthe Moscow So-ciety of researchers of nature. Krasnopres-nenskiy Ecological Fund. Moscow. Russia. E-mail: y.chukova@mtu-net.ru

Now experimentalists began to use the terahertz electromagnetic waves in experimental biology and medicine. Unlike the experiment which history is only beginning, the theory of efficiency of nonthermal conversion of such radiation into other kinds of energy has been developed in 70-s' years of the 20th century and published in Russian scientific editions. The paper [1] was published also in a translation into English. The received results interested nobody for a long time, but now they are capable to help to understand the current and future experiments. Difficulties of experiments under terahertz radiation are remarked.

 

1. Chukova Yu.P. The maximum efficiency for the conversion of light energy to chemical energy // Khim. Vys. Energ. 1977. V. 11.P. 126-131.
2. Chukova Yu.P. Advances in nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the systems under electromagnetic radiation. 2001. Khrizostom. Moscow. 118 p.
3. Chukova Yu.P. The Weber-Fechner law. To the 150^thanniversary of the publication of the book «Elemente der Psychophysik» by G.T. Fechner. Moscow, ZAO MP«Gigiena»2010.180 p.
4. Planck M. The theory of heat radiation. N.Y. 1959.
5. Bose S.N. Plancks Gesetz and Lichtquantenhypothese // Z. Phys. 1924. V. 26. P. 178.
6. Landau L.D. On the thermodynamics of photoluminescence // J. Phys. USSR. 1946. V. 10. P. 503 - 506.
7. Weinstein M.A. Thermodynamic Limitation on the Conversion of Heat into Light // Journal of the Optical Society of America. 1960.V. 50. № 6. P. 597-602.
8. Chukova Yu.P. Thermodynamic limit of the luminescence efficiency // JETP Lett. 1969. V. 10. P. 294 - 296.
9. Chukova Yu.P. Region of thermodynamic admissibility of light efficiency larger than unity // Sov. Physics JETP. 1975. V. 41. P. 613-616.
10. Chukova Yu.P. Thermodynamic limitation of nonthermal processes of the millimeter waves conversion, obtained by Landau-Weinstein method. In: The application of millimeter waves of low intensity in biology and medicine. Academyof science USSR. Moscow. 1985.P. 147-156.
11. Chukova Yu.P. Biological response to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation // Docl. Biological Science. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1990. V. 311. P. 237-239.
12. Chukova Yu.P. Spectral sensitivity of the human eye // Docl. Biological Science. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1988. V. 300. P. 306-308.
13. Chukova Yu.P. Effective nonequilibrium radiation temperature (Weinstein temperature) and fundamental thermodynamic prohibition of undergonereactions // Russian Journal of Physcal Chemistry. 1990. V. 64. P. 16-19.
14. Chukova Yu.P. Reasons of poor replicability of nonthermal bioefects by millimeter waves // Bioelectrochemistry and bioenergetics.1999. V. 48. P. 349-353.
15. Chukova Yu.P. Thermodynamics of isothermal processes of electromagnetic radiation and practical conclusions // Proceedings of Millenium Workshop on Biological effects of Electromagnetic fields. Crete. 2000. P. 338-341.
16. Chukova Yu.P. The general laws of biological effects of optical electromagnetic fields // Proceedings 2nd International workshop «Biological effects of EVFs».Greece. Rhodes. 2002. P. 318 -326.
17. Chukova Yu.P. Low-level influence effects. Thermodynamic, experimental (medical and biological),social, legislative, international and philosophical aspects of the problem. Moscow. 2002. 428r.
18. Chukova Yu.P. The difficulties in experimental study of isothermal bioeffects under radiation of radio-frequency region - in Proceedings 3rd International workshop «Biological effects of EVFs» ed. P. Kostarakis. Demokritos Publishers. Kos (Greece). 2004. V. 1. P.399 - 407.
19. Chukova Yu.P. Bioeffects under electromagnetic radiation // Theory and experiment. 2004. V. 2. P. 775 - 783.
20. Chukova Yu.P. Bioeffects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in the light of nonthermal thermodynamics laws // in: Biological effects of EMFs 4th International workshop. Proceedings. Ed. P. Kostarakis. Greece. Crete. 2006. V. 1. P.129 - 134.
21. Chukova Yu.P. Thermodynamic law and the problem of standardization of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation // 2006. V. 1. P. 383 - 391.
22. Chukova Yu.P. The Cheshire cat phenomenon in bioprocesses of millimeter waves // 5th International workshop on biological effects of electromagnetic fields. 2008. Palermo-Terrasini. CD-R
23. Chukova Yu.P. Bose Condensation and Non Thermal Processes in Living Systems Under Millimeter (MM) Radiation // Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine.2009.V. 28. Issue 1. P. 41 - 45.
24. Leontovich A.M. About limiting efficiency at direct use of radiation // UFN. 1974. V. 114. № 3. P. 555-558.
25. Landsberg P.T., Tonge G. Thermodynamic energy conversion efficiencies // J.Appl. Phys. 1980. V. 51. № 7. P. R1 - R20.
26. Chukova Yu.P. Entropy generation rate as an indicator of interaction of electromagnetic fields with biosystems and thermodynamic prohibition for endergonic reactions // In: «Medical and biologic aspects of millimeter radiation of low intensity» Moscow. IRE. 1987. P. 202-206.
27. Chukova Yu.P. The Devyatkov law (on the 40^thanniversary of the discovery of non-thermal bioeffects of millimeter radiation) // Biomedicine Radioenginireeng. 2014. № 5. P. 12 - 28.
28. Smolyanskaya A.Z., Vilenskaya R.L. Effects of millimetre-band electromagnetic radiation on the functional activity of certain genetic elements of bacterial cells // Soviet Physics USPEKHI. 1974. P. 571.
29. Belyaev I.Y., Shcheglow V.S., Alipov Y.D., Polunin V.A.Resonance effect of millimeter waves in the power range from 10^?19to 3×10^?3 W/cm² on Escherichia coli cells at different concentrations // Bioelectromagnetics. 1996. V. 17. P. 312-321.
30. Chukova Yu.P. Doubts about nonthermal effects of MM radiation have no scientific foundations // Journal of Physics: conference series 324 012032. 2011.http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/329/1/012032/pdf/1742-6596_329_1_012032.pdf
31. Betskii O.V, Krenitskij A.P., Majborodin A.V., Tupikin V.D. Biophysical effects of a terahertz range and prospect of new directions in biomedical technology: «terahertz therapy» and «terahertz diagnostics» // Biomedical technologies and radio electronics. 2003. № 12. P. 3-6.
32. Betskii O.V., Koz\'min A.S., Faykin V.V., Yaremenko Ju.G.Biophysical mechanisms of  low intensity  extremely high- and terahertz frequency bands effets. Biomedicine 38 // Radioengineering. 2014. № 5. P. 29.
33. Sinitsyn N.I., Elkin V. A, Betskii O.V. Electron-wave of properties of the structured water containing environment of bio systems - a basis of the further development of biomedical radio-electronic  nanotechnologies of the extremely high-frequency and terahertz ranges // Biomedicine Radioengineering. 2014. № 5. P. 46 - 60.