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Journal Biomedical Radioelectronics №6 for 2014 г.
Article in number:
Study of the mechanisms of biological effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation: progress, problems and prospects
Keywords: low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation mechanisms of biological effects frequency dependence anti-inflammatory effects
Authors:
A.B. Gapeyev - Dr.Sc. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Chief Research Scientist, Laboratory of Biological Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushchino, Moscow Region). E-mail: a_b_g@mail.ru
Abstract:
The review is devoted to the analysis of the mechanisms of biological effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) in vitro and in vivo. The basic attention is given to the dependence of biological effects on carrier and modulation frequencies, intensity, and exposure duration. With the use of various models in vitro and in vivo it was shown that the response of biological system to the radiation can have a quasi-resonance dependence on carrier and modulation frequencies, with an equivalent Q-factor reaching 200 and more. It is noticed that dependences of biological effects on intensity of the radiation are characterized by the presence of some «threshold» level in the limits from units to tens of microwatts per square centimeters below which the effects are absent, and the presence of plateau within the range of which even if an intensity is increased to thermal levels the value of biological effect does not change. Dependences of biological effects on an exposition which have, as a rule, bell-shaped patterns with an optimum exposure duration from 15 min to 1 h are considered. As a case study of anti-inflammatory effects of EHF EMR, the role of key links in response of an organism to the radiation was analyzed. Specifically, it was shown that the EHF EMR caused structural changes in chromatin of lymphoid cells providing a genoprotective action of the radiation during inflammatory process; activated T-cellular immunity manifested as an increase in the number of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells in thymus of exposed animals; substantially increased the content of some omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the thymus of exposed mice; and created the specific profile of cytokines providing anti-inflammatory effect. It is supposed that by means of initiation of certain signalling and effector systems, the directed answer of an organism to a specific combination of effective parameters of the electromagnetic radiation can be carried out. Among the basic problems influencing the further development of the research of biological effects of low-intensity EHF EMR, the problem of primary reception of the radiation by biological matter, the absence of an adequate explanation of quasi-resonance dependence of biological effects on carrier frequency, the problem of mechanisms of realization of effects, and the problem of a correct choice of effective therapeutic parameters of EHF EMR are considered.
Pages: 20-30
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