A.V. Savelyev - Senior Research Scientist, Editor of the Journal «Neurocomputers: development, application», «Radio Engineering» Publisher, Moscow, Russia, patent agency «©Uniquely honest patenting», www.patenttt.narod.ru. E-mail: gmkristo@rambler.ru

In the report the results of an analytical generalization of the experience of more than 30 years of work by the author in the field of patenting inventions are presented, their most part concerned the neurobiology, which includes about 100 of its own inventions and more than 200 was executed as a service tasks. In most cases, the author is not only of patent specialist, but also as inventor. Why do I need to patent an invention and whether it necessary for neuroscientist - What types of patents are there - What can be the object of the invention to neuroscience - Which classes of the International Classification of Inventions (MCI) can be patented neurobiological invention - What gives the right to obtain a patent for intellectual property and what it requires, and if the differences in this regard in Russia and abroad - How can I earn in patenting of domestic and foreign patent - Numerous examples of the responses to these questions are presented, and real-world examples of inventions and their successful implementations in medicine and biology, as well as inventions [3] with controversial rights of intellectual property (Fig. 1). The problems of invention protection on patenting stage on the basis of analysis of the practice of the various patent offices. The features of the modification of the invention in neurobiology in terms of total information society, mass use of computers, Internet, telecommunications networks [4], etc. There significant simplification concerning inventions promote on market patents. The differences a domestic patent and PCT international application are analyzed in the following areas: 1) patenting appropriateness; 2) submitting an application form and essence of presentation; 3) procedures for filing and examination; 4) duty amount, the order of their calculation and payment; 5) effects of the applications filing; 6) use the results of patenting; 7) depending on the characteristics of the economic and legal situation in the countries. Review the current situation on the market of inventions in our country and abroad and the relationship with the peculiarities of the economic systems of different countries. Advantages and disadvantages of the domestic patent system in comparison with other countries are analised. The report concludes that the high feasibility of inventions patenting for the citizens of the Russian Federation is not abroad, namely in Russia. The study was supported by RFBR projects № 04-06-80460, 07-06-11003 and 08-06-11002, and RFH № 04-03-00066a.