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Journal Biomedical Radioelectronics №4 for 2013 г.
Article in number:
Fluorescence and spectral analysis colposcope
Keywords: cervical carcinoma fluorescence diagnostics colposcopy colposcope
Authors:
N.N. Bulgakova, V.V. Smirnov, V.I. Fabelinsky, A.G. Fedotov, S.V. Shchichkin
Abstract:
Cervical carcinoma is the second frequent oncological desease of women-s reproductive system and occupies the fifth place in the structure of oncological illnesses as a whole. Existing methods of detection of early-stage cervical carcinomas are based on visual inspection of cervical mucosa membrane with the help of a colposcope. The reliability of a colposcopic investigation from the point of view of detection of early stage carcinomas cannot be considered as being high, and its predictive value is limited even if examination is performed by an experienced gynecologist. For a final conclusion, biopsy is necessary, but, taking into account the subjective nature of a doctor-s decision, unnecessary biopsies happen quite often. Due to this factor, development of methods and equipment allowing more objective assessment of the state of cervical mucosa and non-invasive detection of cervical dysplasia must be considered as topical and important. Autofluorescence cancer diagnostics is a promising method of early-stage diagnostics of cervical carcinoma. This method is based on an existing difference in intensity and shape of autofluorescence spectra recorded in healthy and malignant tissues under UV or violet excitation of endogenous fluorochromes. As we have shown earlier, intensity drop and spectrum shape changes occur even on early stage of cervical cancer development. In order to detect these changes special equipment is required. This equipment should include autofluorescence imaging system together with fiberoptical-probe fluorescence spectrometerand will allow obtaining real-time prognostic information about cervical mucosa malignization in a non-invasive way. Suchasystem that might be considered as a prototype of a new class of equipment - Laser Fluorescence Spectral Colposcopes has been developed, manufactured and tested. This system is expected to perform colposcopic examinations on a new level. The developed system acquires high-quality color images when cervix is illuminated by white-light bright LEDs, fluorescence images excited by high-power violet LEDs and laser-excited autofluorescence spectra taken by a fiberoptical probe from the points selected by examining gynecologist in course ofanalyzing acquired images. The images and spectra are processed by special software that delivers several evaluated diagnostically-valuable parameters that simplify taking physician-s decision and making the result of examination more objective. The system includes a high-sensitivity camera equipped with a high-quality macro zoom lens, violet and white superbright LEDs, a filter set, an illumination and optical filter control module, a grating spectrometer, a fluorescence-excitation 405 nm-laser source, a fiberoptical probe and a PC. The PC controls operation of all the equipment, acquires, processes and stores images and spectra, and prepares medical documentation. Preliminary tests performed on mice with implanted tumors and human skin show that technical implementation is adequate for cancer detection and the system is ready to undergo official clinical trials.
Pages: 42-49
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