L.N. Anishchenko, S.I. Ivashov, V.B. Parashin

Bioradiolocation is a method for detection and diagnostic of biological objects, even behind optically opaque obstacles, by means of radar. There are many areas where bioradiolocation could be applied, among them are space medicine (monitoring of astronauts movements inside and outside of spacecraft, and remote monitoring of their health), sleep medicine, disaster medicine, antiterrorist operations etc. At Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU) method of bioradiolocation has been studied since 2002. At the beginning surface penetrating radar was used for bioradar. The experiments showed that bioradiolocation requires specific apparatuses and algorithms to be designed. That is why in 2005 a new bioradar was created at Remote Sensing Laboratory, BMSTU. As opposite to previous radar it uses step frequency modulated signal and operates at frequency band 3.6 - 4.0 GHz, which allows to estimate distance to the object under exanimation. With the bioradar several types of the experiments were carried out. 1) Comparative experiments for bio-radiolocation and optical measurements of chest movements during breathing. A quick-shot camera and radar were applied simultaneously. 2) Comparative experiments for contact and non-contact methods. During this type of experiments breathing and pulse parameters were simultaneously measured by contact method using rheocardiomonitor and non-contact method of bioradiolocation. Values of breathing and pulse frequencies for contact and non-contact methods were compared, which showed that they have agreement about 95 %. 3) Sleeping monitoring. This experiment is included into the program MARS-500, which started in June 2010 at Institute of Medical and Biological Problems, Moscow. It contains simulating different aspects of an interplanetary manned flight. Bioradar will be used for remote measurements of movement activity, breathing and heart rate parameters of the crew while sleeping. It will detect any changes in these parameters, which may indicate sleep disorders (common problem for long-term isolation and space flights). 4) Human adaptive capabilities estimation for physical and mental stress. 5) Estimation of the laboratory animal movement activity.