V.V. Fedonin1, V.D. Liferenko2, V.N. Aldokhina3

1–3 Mozhaisky Military Space Academy (St. Petersburg, Russia)
1 vac9feonin@yandex.ru

In the light of the intensive activities of various countries, international and commercial organizations in near-Earth outer space (NOS), there is a continuous increase in the number of space objects (SO), the main part of which is "space debris" – these are elements of launching rocket and space technology, spent artificial Earth satellites (ISS), as well as fragments of their destruction, remaining on near-Earth or-bits. A significant part of such objects are located in the low-orbit area of the NOS, creating prerequisites for collisions in space that can cause damage to the target orbital space assets. In these circumstances, conducting effective monitoring of space objects in order to prevent disasters is a key task of the Automated Warning System for Dangerous Situations in Near-Earth Space (ASPOS NOS) of the state Corporation Ros–Kosmos. Improving the quality and reducing time in the field of determining the type of SO, assessing its purpose and condition, as well as the alleged threat to the nearest satellite based on information obtained using radar facilities that provide the highest throughput and continuity of monitoring of the NOS, in the current situation is impossible without the use of effective tools that allow classifying the type of SO in automatic mode realization of reflected radar signals from objects that are complex in design and change their position.

Goal – to form a mathematical model of the process of determining the type of SO based on radar non-coordinate information (NCI) based on the application of a neural network model in an appropriate information processing technique

The external and internal factors of the process of determining the type of SO by radar equipment, which affect its functioning, are considered, and a mathematical model of this process is proposed based on the analysis of radar measurements obtained by means of ASPOS NOS.

The presented mathematical model will make it possible to form a neural network model according to the type of radar signature classifier and implement on its basis a methodology for determining the type of SO by radar NKI, which will greatly assist specialists in information processing and disaster prevention in the NOS.

Fedonin V.V., Liferenko V.D., Aldokhina V.N. A mathematical model of the process of determining the type of a space object based on radar non-coordinate information using a neural network approach. Achievements of modern radioelectronics. 2025. V. 79. № 9. P. 49–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/ j20700784-202509-07 [in Russian]

1. Vartan'yan Yu.A., Olejnikov I.I., Ubozhenko D.Yu. Sistema kontrolya kosmicheskogo prostranstva kak element strategicheskogo sderzhivaniya. Voennaya mysl'. 2015. № 9. S. 29–35. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_24146812_71157815.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 28.08.2024) [in Russian].
2. Shaldaev S.E., Ubozhenko D.Yu., Veniaminov S.S. i dr. Osnovnye napravleniya razvitiya radiolokacionnoj tekhniki dlya nablyudeniya kosmicheskih ob"ektov s nizkoj radiolokacionnoj zametnost'yu. Tekst : neposredstvennyj. Uspekhi sovremennoj radioelektroniki. 2023. T. 77. № 4. S. 6–14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j19998465-202302-04 [in Russian].
3. Kulikov S.V., Epaneshnikov N.M., Gudaev R.A. i dr. Modelirovanie sistemy monitoringa vozdushno-kosmicheskogo prostranstva. Elektromagnitnye volny i elektronnye sistemy. 2023. T. 28. № 3. S. 70–82 [in Russian].
4. Chebotar' I.V., Gudaev R.A., Kulikov S.V. i dr. Metodika ocenivaniya oshibki prognozirovaniya polozheniya elementov kosmicheskogo musora po rezul'tatam soprovozhdeniya radiolokacionnym informacionnym sredstvom. Elektromagnitnye volny i elektronnye sistemy. 2022. T. 27. № 2. S. 39–47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j15604128-202201-05 [in Russian].
5. Polyanskij K.A., Sklemin D.V., Totrov O.Sh., Sharapova O.A. Podhod k analizu nekoordinatnoj radiolokacionnoj informacii v interesah obespecheniya bezopasnosti kosmicheskoj deyatel'nosti. Radiolokacionnoe issledovanie prirodnyh sred: Materialy XXXIII Vserossijskogo simpoziuma, posvyashchennogo 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya doktora tekhnicheskih nauk, professora Klyueva Nikolaya Fomicha. Sankt-Peterburg, 19–20 aprelya 2023 goda. SPb.: Voenno-kosmicheskaya akademiya im. A.F. Mozhajskogo. 2024. S. 399–404 [in Russian].
6. Nazarov A.V., Kushchenko K.I., Logunov S.V. Metodika raspoznavaniya kosmicheskih apparatov na osnove opticheskih izobrazhenij s primeneniem nejronnoj seti. Tekhnologii polucheniya i obrabotki informacii o dinamicheskih ob"ektah i sistemah: tezisy IV Vseros. nauch.-prakt. konf., Moskva, 05 oktyabrya 2023 goda. M.: Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe nauchnoe uchrezhdenie «Ekspertno-analiticheskij centr». 2023. S. 27–32 [in Russian].
7. Burluckij S. G., Nazarov A. V., Bobrovskij D.A. Raspoznavanie sostoyanij sistem v prostranstve otschetov mnogomernyh eksperimental'nyh krivyh s ispol'zovaniem mnogoslojnyh nejronnyh setej. Aerokosmicheskoe priborostroenie i ekspluatacionnye tekhnologii: Tret'ya Mezhdunar. nauch. konf.: sbornik dokladov. Sankt-Peterburg. 14–22 aprelya 2022 goda. SPr.: Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj universitet aerokosmicheskogo priborostroeniya. 2022. S. 134–140 [in Russian].
8. Nikolaev A.Yu., Volkov M.N., Ivanyu A.Yu. Nejrosetevoj algoritm kontrolya tekhnicheskogo sostoyaniya bortovyh sistem kosmicheskih sredstv na osnove sovmestnoj obrabotki raznorodnoj izmeritel'noj informacii. Trudy «NPCAP». Sistemy i pribory upravleniya. 2022. № 2(60). S. 62–74 [in Russian].
9. Ladygin A.I. Analiz signatur. Teoriya i praktika radiolokacionnogo raspoznavaniya kosmicheskih ob"ektov & Kosmicheskie tragedii glazami analitikov signatur. M.: Universitetskaya kniga. 2008. 256 s. [in Russian].
10. Nazarov A.V. Tekhnologiya polucheniya i obrabotki nekoordinatnoj informacii: Ucheb. posobie. SPb.: VKA im. A. F. Mozhajskogo. 2020. 312 s. [in Russian].
11. Varganov M.E., Zinov'ev Yu.S., Astanin L.Yu. i dr. Radiolokacionnye harakteristiki letatel'nyh apparatov. Pod red. L.T. Tuchkova. M.: Radio i svyaz'. 1985. 236 s. [in Russian].
12. Spisok kosmicheskih zapuskov v 2023 godu [Elektronnyj resurs]. Vikipediya : Svobodnaya enciklopediya. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1 %D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2_2023_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83 (data obrashcheniya : 15.08.2024) [in Russian].
13. Sozdanie, ekspluataciya i razvitie avtomatizirovannoj sistemy preduprezhdeniya ob opasnyh situaciyah v okolozemnom kosmicheskom prostranstve dlya povysheniya urovnya informacionnogo obespecheniya bezopasnosti kosmicheskoj deyatel'nosti Rossijskoj Federacii [Elektronnyj resurs]. Ministerstvo nauki i vysshego obrazovaniya Rossijskoj Federacii. URL: https://minobrnauki.gov.ru/colleges_councils/
    kollegialnye-organy/prize_science/ pub lic_science/files2024/%D0%A024-53.pdf (data obrashcheniya : 15.08.2024) [in Russian].
14. Bezopasnost' v kosmose [Elektronnyj resurs]. Central'nyj nauchno-issledovatel'skij institut mashinostroeniya. URL:https://tsniimash.ru/ science/ scientific-and-technical-centers/flight-control-center-fcc/security-in-space/?ysclid=m3n9d0d03x650433478 (data obrashcheniya: 25.09.2024) [in Russian].
15. Koncepciya sozdaniya sistemy informacionno-analiticheskogo obespecheniya bezopasnosti kosmicheskoj deyatel'nosti v okolozemnom kosmicheskom prostranstve «Mlechnyj put'» na period 2022-2025 godov i na perspektivu do 2035 goda [Elektronnyj resurs]. FGBUN Institut astronomii Rossijskoj akademii nauk. URL: http://www.inasan.ru/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Cont_1801_ 2022.pdf (data obrashcheniya : 25.09.2024) [in Russian].