V.S. Vasilyev1

1 FSUE “Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics” (FSUE RFNC – VNIIEF) (Sarov, Russia)

The article describes a mathematical model of radio signal propagation in a wireless communication channel in relation to the problem of transmitting telemetric information from an aerial vehicle to ground receiving points. Particular attention is paid to the polarization effects, which have a significant effect on the received signal power. The proposed model takes into account an arbitrary type of polarization of the transmitting and receiving antennas, a change in the polarization of the electromagnetic wave during specular reflection from the underlying surface, and a decrease in the amplitude of the received signals of direct and mirror-reflected rays due to a polarization mismatch.

The complexity of the problem of transmitting telemetric information from a mobile high-speed object (MHSO) is due to such factors as the dynamism of the trajectory of the control object, the short duration of the communication session, the wide range of flight altitudes, spatial movements of the radiation patterns of transmitting antennas, and the multipath nature of radio wave propagation.

When using linearly polarized antennas for transmission and reception, due to the dynamic movement and axial rotation of the controlled object on which the transmitter is installed, the fading depth increases due to a mismatch between the polarizations of the receiving antenna and the incoming radiation. Using a circularly polarized transmitting or receiving antenna will avoid fading caused by polarization mismatch, however, using such an antenna is not always possible in practice. In this case, it is necessary to analyze the fading of the signal caused by the polarization mismatch, with the complex nature of the motion of the MHSO.

To study the impact of polarization mismatch on the received signal power, software was used that simulates a communication channel in a telemetry system in accordance with the described mathematical model of the channel.

Using computer modeling, the peculiarities of the effect of polarization mismatch in the radio channel when using linearly polarized antennas under conditions of rapid movement and periodic rotation of the radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna are investigated. The possibility of eliminating deep fading caused by polarization mismatch and periodic rotation of the radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna is shown using spatial separation of two reception points and joint digital signal processing. The simulation carried out made it possible to find a suitable arrangement of reception points for spatial separation, in which this result was achieved.

The practical significance of the work is the established possibility of continuous reception of a radio telemetry signal when using linearly polarized antennas under conditions of periodic rotation of the radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna and the horizontal flight path of the controlled object. The approach proposed in the article can also be used to analyze the effect of polarization mismatch on an arbitrary trajectory of the controlled object.

Vasilyev V.S. Research of the Effect of Polarization Mismatch in a Telemetric Communication Channel under Complex Dynamic of a Monitoring Object. Achievements of modern radioelectronics. 2025. V. 79. № 9. P. 5–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/ j20700784-202509-01 [in Russian]

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