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Journal Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics №3 for 2016 г.
Article in number:
Modern hybrid-integrated autodyne oscillators of microwave and millimeter wave ranges and their application. Part 9. Autodyne radar applications
Keywords: autodyne autodyne oscillator autodyne sensor autodyne response system of short range radar
Authors:
V.Ya. Noskov - Dr.Sc. (Eng.), Professor, Department of «Technology and Communication», Ural Federal University; Chief Designer, Association «OKO» (Ekaterinburg). E-mail: noskov@oko-ek.ru A.V. Varavin - Junior Research Scientist, Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics named A.J. Usikova (Kharkiv). E-mail: varavin@ire.kharkov.ua A.S. Vasiliev - Junior Research Scientist, Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics named A.J. Usikova (Kharkiv). E-mail: vasilev@ire.kharkov.ua G.P. Ermak - Ph.D. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Research Scientist, Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics named A.J. Usikova (Kharkiv). E-mail: ermak@ire.kharkov.ua N.M. Zakarlyuk - Ph.D. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, Department of «General Professional Disciplines», Branch of the Ural State University of Railway Transport (Nizhny Tagil). E-mail: znm53@mail.ru K.A. Ignatkov - Ph.D. (Eng.), Leading Engineer, Department of «Technology and Communication», Ural Federal University. E-mail: k.a.ignatkov@gmail.com S.M. Smolskiy - Dr.Sc. (Eng.), Professor, Department of «Shaping and Processing of Radio Signals», National Research University «MPEI»; Deputy Director of the Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow Power Engineering Institute. E-mail: smolskiysm@mail.ru
Abstract:
In this review devoted to microwave and millimeter wave autodyne applications in radar systems, the historical information is presented about main stages of formation and more than one-century development of this direction from the first invention to present time. Main achievements in developments of autodyne sensors, measuring systems, and short-range radar (SRR) devices of various destination are discussed. In the history of this direction development presented in the first section of the review, we can conditionally distinguish several over-lapped periods. The first «vacuum tube» period is characterized by autodyne origin and their application in the airplane altimeters. Autodyne development during this period directly relates to quality improvement of the vacuum tubes and a search of new scheme solutions. The second stage (1940sc - 1970s) is interesting by autodyne utilization in the proximity fuses as well as intensive devel-opment of the theory and technology of this independent direction. The third period (1940s - 1980s) due to appearance and serious improvement of the electrical vacuum devices (EVD) is typical by assimilation of the microwave range, as well as beginning the laser autodyne investigations. The fourth period (1960s - 1990s) relates to appearance of high-frequency transistors and semiconductor oscillating devices of microwave and millimeter wave ranges, and their wide application in the autodyne SRRs sensors and measuring systems. The fifth period (beginning from 1980s) is characterized by several peculiarities. First, appearance of high-effective active elements and the hybrid integrated modules created specially for the autodyne systems as well as appearance of semiconductor lasers with high emission coherence. Second, appearance of several publications opening processes and phenomena, which have escaped researchers - attention, for instance, autodyne signal distortions as well as studying of the autodyne effect in different types of new oscillators and systems. Third, creation of autodyne radars on the semiconductor devices with various types of emission modulation and development of its operation theory. As the consequence of fifth period autodyne development, we see essential widening а their application areas including such as biophysics and medical directions. The most explicitly in the first section the native history of the last two periods is considered when on the boundary of 1960s - 1970s (in connection with appearance of new types of semiconductor oscillating devices and due to need of the military industry in microwave and millimeter wave ranges) the new stage of huge development of the theory and technology of autodynes. In different R&D institutes and universities of our country (the former USSR) the scientific teams had been established (scientific schools of thought), in which were actively solved the various problems of the «autodyne reception», its specialization was developed. Among native leading teams of such a time, who had a deal with autodyne radar application, we may distinguish the teams of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University), the Moscow State Pedagogic Institute, Nizhniy Tagil State Pedagogical Institute, the Bauman Higher Engineering University, and also (later in 1980s) Ukranian Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of Academy of Science (Kharkov city) and R&D Institute of Semiconductor Devices (R&DISD, Tomsk sity). In the second part of the review, the brief description of autodyne SRRs of continuous non-modulated emission and their testing results is presented. Among autodyne SRRs, the on-board measuring systems for motion parameters of locomotives are described, the device for the express monitoring of the braking distance of the automobile vehicles, the autodyne radars for determination of the cut motion parameters on the hump yard, the system for unauthorized man and objects appearance detection on the rail near-cutting way of and underground station, the on-board velocity sensor to perform the air-ballistic testing of object in the testing area, the radio blocking and the system for performing the ballistic test of products with flat trajectory of objects - flight. In the third part of the review, the general operation principles and problem of implementation are considered as well as description of a series autodyne SRRs with the pulse, frequency and combined (pulse and frequency) types of modulation. Among sensors, measuring systems and other SRRs, the measuring system of the motion parameters of the service platform of the parachute system, the measuring system for motion parameters of cuts on the hump yard with the pulse emission, the double-channel radio pulse SRR to solve problems of the target detection in far and near zones, the autodyne radio pulse range finder to solve problems of target tracking and detection, autodyne sensors for occupation detection of the railway crossing and cups for obstruction devices, the universal sensor with frequency modulation for determination of occupancy of pointworks and car velocity measurement on the bracking positions of the hump yard and the surveillance radar sets of the wide-spread application area. In conclusion, the ways for further development of this direction are outlined. An expediency of different autodyne modules development in the form of integrated circuits is shown, as well as application ion SRRs the complicate signals combining the various types of modulation. Results achieved indicate to availability of simultaneous both types of modulation in the autodyne SRRs and the necessity to further develop of this investigation direction.
Pages: 32-86
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