The study of the fatty acid composition of the polar lipids of some species of flora of the Caucasus (Helleborus abchasicus A.Br. and Helleborus caucasicus A.Br., Borago officinalis L., Oenothera biennis L.)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are classified according to their molecular structure into four groups: ω-3, ω-6, ω-7 and ω-9. The main biological role played by fatty acid is biosynthesis of eicosanoids wich are the mediators of metabolic reactions and structural and functional organization of the cell membrane.

ω-6 is linoleic acid derivative, namely, γ-linolenic acid, known to be ingested only from the outside.

The most promising sources of γ-linolenic acid perennial primrose, borage, besides the representatives of the Caucasian flora kind hellebore (Helleborus) is of considerable interest among researchers. M. Abkhazian and m. Caucasian introduced by us in the Stavropol region are distinguished by high concentration of fat oil in underground organs (18 %) and seeds (33 %) of the plants and a wide range of pharmacological activity.

To separate the amount of SPs on glycolipids (GL) and phospholipids (PL) used in preparative chromatography (PTLC), acetone was used as the mobile phase distilled over potassium acetate. Number of GL and PL were evaluated gravimetrically.

Qualitative determination of the PL was performed by thin layered chromatography (TLC) with a model sample in a solvent system of chloroform-methanol 9:1. Chromatograms were revealed by Vaskovsky reagent, after which the PL were detected as blue spots.

The fatty acid composition of polar lipids of Abkhazian hellebore (Helleborus abchasicus A. Br.), Caucasian hellebore (Helleborus caucasicus A. Br.), Borage (Borago officinalis L.) and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) was studied. A qualitative analysis of fatty acids and phospholipids, glycolipids was carried out.