Impact of a microwave absorber on the gain of compact dual-mode slot strip antennas for GLONASS, GPS, Galileo, BeiDou

V.N. Shepov; V.A. Borisov

doi:10.18127/j03209601-202605-03

Impact of a microwave absorber on the gain of compact dual-mode slot strip antennas for GLONASS, GPS, Galileo, BeiDou

research article UDC 621.396.6 Pages: 33-42 doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202605-03

^1,2 Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)

Keywords: Slot strip antenna gain of antenna phase center variation high precision position based on GLONASS GPS Galileo BeiDou

Abstract

To achieve high precision GNSS positioning without bulky choke rings, compact leaky-wave slot strip antennas often employ microwave absorbers. However, while these absorbers suppress LHCP to mitigate multipath effects, they simultaneously reduce the RHCP gain. Unlike conventional slot strip antennas, the proposed designs ensure that all slots remain active across both operating frequency bands (1164…1300 MHz and 1559…1610 MHz).

The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of a microwave absorber on the gain of two dual-mode, compact, RHCP leaky-wave slot strip antennas. The first antenna is designed to operate on the first and second TE01 modes, while the second antenna utilizes the second and third modes.

3D models of the dual-mode antennas have been developed and analyzed. It has been established that, for a constant absorber width, the antenna operating on the second and third modes exhibits higher gain than the one operating on the first and second modes. Furthermore, the axial ratio, cross-polarization isolation, and phase center stability of the second-and-third-mode antenna are comparable to or better than those of the first-and-second-mode antenna.

The developed dual-mode compact slot strip antennas can be implemented in high-precision GNSS receivers, supporting GLONASS, GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou constellations.

Received: 20.07.2026
Approved after review: 03.08.2026
Accepted: 26.08.2026

How to cite

Шепов В.Н., Борисов В.А. Влияние СВЧ-поглотителя на коэффициент усиления малогабаритных двухмодовых щелевых полосковых антенн ГЛОНАСС, GPS, Galileo, BeiDou // Антенны. 2026. № 5. С. 33−42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202605-03

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[1] Spilker Jr J.J. et al. Global positioning system: theory and applications. V. I. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 1996.

[2] Liu X. et al. Mitigating GNSS multipath in landslide areas: A novel approach considering mutation points at different stages. Landslides. 2023. V. 20. № 11. P. 2497–2510.

[3] Pan Y., Möller G., Soja B. Machine learning-based multipath modeling in spatial domain applied to GNSS short baseline processing. GPS Solutions. 2024. V. 28. № 1. P. 9.

[4] Lee Y., Park B. Nonlinear regression-based GNSS multipath modelling in deep urban area. Mathematics. 2022. V. 10. № 3. P. 412.

[5] Guillard A., Thevenon P., Milner C. Using convolutional neural networks to detect GNSS multipath. Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 2023. V. 10. P. 1106439.

[6] Lu R. et al. Multipath mitigation in GNSS precise point positioning based on trend-surface analysis and multipath hemispherical map. GPS Solutions. 2021. V. 25. № 3. P. 119.

[7] Pereira P.M.C., da Silva H.D.M., Lima C.M.G.S. Advancements in multipath mitigation for GNSS receivers: Review of channel estimation techniques. Space: Science & Technology. 2025. V. 5. P. 0278.

[8] Scire-Scappuzzo F., Makarov S.N. A low-multipath wideband GPS antenna with cutoff or non-cutoff corrugated ground plane. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 2009. V. 57. № 1. P. 33–46.

[9] Rao B.R., Kunysz W., Fante R. et al. GPS/GNSS Antennas (GNSS Technology and Applications). Artech House. 2012.

[10] Rykała Ł. et al. Research on the positioning performance of GNSS with a low-cost choke ring antenna. Applied Sciences. 2023. V. 13. № 2. P. 1007.

[11] Tripathi V., Elmarissi W., Caizzone S. Space-efficient vertical choke rings for geodetic-grade multipath mitigation in GNSS antennas. GPS Solutions. 2025. V. 29. № 4. P. 187.

[12] Lin D., Wang E., Wang J. New choke ring design for eliminating multipath effects in the GNSS system. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2022. V. 2022. № 1. P. 1527674.

[13] Lyapunov R.M. i dr. Polnorazmernaya antenna choke ring dlya gps-glonass s rabochej polosoj chastot ot 1.55 GHz do 1.62 GHz. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2025. T. 21. № 2. S. 182–186. (in Russian)

[14] Patent WO 2007/009216 A1. Leaky wave antenna with radiating structure including fractal loops. W. Kunysz, E. Badger, D. Plamondon. 2007.

[15] Kunysz W. Antenna phase center effects and measurements in GNSS ranging applications. Proc. of 14th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics & the American Electromagnetics Conference (ANTEM-AMEREM). Canada, Ottawa. 2010. P. 1–4.

[16] Vladimirov V.M., Kondrat'ev A.S., Krylov Yu.V. i dr. Shchelevaya poloskovaya antenna vytekayushchej volny s dopolnitel'nymi shchelyami s maloj elektricheskoj dlinoj. Antenny. 2012. № 11. S. 12–17. (in Russian)

[17] Vladimirov V.M., Markov V.V., Fateev Yu.L. i dr. Issledovaniya tochnostnykh kharakteristik aktivnykh shchelevykh poloskovykh antenn vysokotochnogo pozitsionirovaniya po signalam GLONASS/GPS s ploskimi provodyashchimi ekranami. Radiotekhnika. 2013. № 6. S. 5–11. (in Russian)

[18] Shepov V.N., Vladimirov V.M., Markov V.V. Shchelevye poloskovye antenny s krugovoj polyarizatsiej dlya maloelementnoj antennoj reshetki vysokotochnogo priemnika signalov global'nykh navigatsionnykh sputnikovykh system. Radiotekhnika i elektronika. 2017. № 7. S. 662–671. (in Russian)

[19] Patent № 2580869 RF. Shchelevaya poloskovaya antenna vytekayushchej volny s krugovoj polyarizatsiej so skachkom shiriny shchelevykh izluchatelej. V.N. Shepov, V.V. Markov. Opubl. 10.04.2016. (in Russian)

[20] Zhong Z.P., Zhang X. A travelling-wave-fed slot spiral antenna with wide axial ratio bandwidth and beamwidth for GNSS applications. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2021. V. 2. P. 578–584.

[21] Shepov V.N., Borisov V.A. Uvelichenie diapazona rabochikh chastot malogabaritnykh shchelevykh poloskovykh antenn vytekayushchej volny dlya vysokotochnogo pozitsionirovaniya po signalam GLONASS, GPS, Galileo, Beidou. Pis'ma v ZhTF. 2025. T. 51. Vyp. 8. S. 50–53. (in Russian)

[22] Patent № 2821218 RF. Dvukhmodovaya malogabaritnaya shchelevaya poloskovaya antenna dlya vysokotochnogo pozitsionirovaniya po signalam GLONASS, GPS, GALILEO, BEIDOU. V.N. Shepov, V.A. Borisov. Opubl. 18.06.2024. (in Russian)

[23] Patent № 2619846 RF. Shirokopolosnaya shchelevaya poloskovaya antenna GNSS. V.N. Shepov, V.V. Markov. Opubl. 18.05.2017. (in Russian)

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