N. V. Samburov1, V. A. Obukhovets2
1 TYPHOON JSC (Kaluga, Russia)
2 Southern Federal University (Rostov-on-Don, Russia)

1 samburov.n.v@yandex.ru, 2 vaobuhovec@sfedu.ru

One of the most important elements of radio engineering systems are antenna devices, which can be objects for multifunctional use as part of radio engineering complexes. It is a common practice to use switching arrays and passive antennas for this purpose. However, with the species diversity of the radio engineering stations of the complex and a wide range of required types of radiation patterns (antenna pattern – AP), it is necessary to use active phased array antennas (APAA) and specialized devices that ensure their multifunctional use. An additional advantage of using APAA apertures in radio engineering complexes (RECs) is that the switching of the emitting signal occurs at significantly lower power levels (than, for example, in phased array antennas), which has a positive effect on the reliability of the system.

The purpose of the article is to consider the practical aspects of development of REC secondary and active radar based on several APAA apertures, namely: the organization of a signal switching and distribution system, as well as the implementation of a multifunctional APAA switching device.

A hypothetical REC (consisting of several radio engineering stations) is considered in which the possibility of using several APAA apertures as antenna devices is realized. In this case, the multifunctionality of APAA should be understood as the ability to perform different tasks (in this case, the formation of different types of AP sequentially over time) due to structural reconfiguration.

The technical possibility of multifunctional use of antenna panels is determined by the specific design and composition of the radio engineering complex – the number of panels, as well as the number and type of stations. The article demonstrates the possibility of high-frequency coupling of radar and secondary radar equipment with APAA apertures and the formation of all necessary types of AP.

The multifunctional switching device (MFSD) is designed to redistribute and switch the signals of the transceiver equipment (from the RECs) depending on the APAA operating mode and is one of the key devices providing multifunctional use. The device is an intermediate link between the RECs signal switching and distribution system and the APAA diagram-forming switchgear. The designs of diagram-forming switchgear antenna arrays and systems of modern secondary radars are considered in detail in a variety of sources and usually contain two outputs (total and differential). The prototype of the MFSD is various schemes for building combined interrogators and responders on a single antenna device, however, the functionality of the MFSD is much broader.

Thus, the specific features of the multifunctional use of APAA are considered on the specific composition of the RECs. The implementation options of the key components of the MFSD are being investigated: frequency-dividing devices (FDD) and ultrahigh-frequency switches. The numerical results of modeling and prototyping will be relevant in the process of further research, in forming requirements and justifying the feasibility of such devices.

Samburov N.V., Obukhovets V.A. Multifunctional switching device of an APAA // Antennas. 2026. № 3. P. 27–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202603-03

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