E.G. Geyko¹, I.V. Radysh², V.F. Fedorov³, V.I. Torshin⁴

1–4 Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (Moscow, Russia)

3 RNIMU named after N.I. Pirogov Ministry of Health of Russia (Moscow, Russia)

¹ geiko85@mail.ru, ² iradysh@mail.ru, ³ sogdjoy@mail.ru, ⁴ vtorsin@mail.ru

The classical anthropometric method of measuring body weight does not provide an opportunity to assess hormone-dependent quantitative changes in body composition and its individual parameters depending on the phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle in women and is not a specific indicator. Therefore, when studying changes in body composition in different phases of the menstrual cycle, a more accurate assessment by bioimpedance analysis is needed. This study presents changes in body component composition under the influence of hormonal status of different phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle in practically healthy women of early reproductive age by bioimpedance analysis. 84 practically healthy women aged 18 to 24 years (1st and 2nd year students of the Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba) were examined in the follicular phase (FP) – on the 7th-9th day and the luteal phase (LP) – on the 20th-22nd day of the menstrual cycle. As a result, we obtained the difference in average body weight in women between the two phases of the menstrual cycle of 1.8 kg, in terms of body fat percentage of 1.8%, and in terms of body fat index of 0.8 kg/m² with an increase in the luteal phase. According to the average value of the studied bioimpedance parameters in women, the differences between the phases of the menstrual cycle are insignificant, however, according to the results of multidimensional statistics (cluster analysis) we are seeing a significant difference. The contribution of individual parameters to the separation by multidimensional cluster analysis by phases of the menstrual cycle varies widely. Correlation analysis showed the presence of a significant number of strong statistical relationships between individual parameters of bioimpedance analysis of body composition. It is of interest for further research to observe and analyze several consecutive ovarian-menstrual cycles using descriptive and multidimensional statistical methods in order to identify stable trends and search for patterns between various regulatory processes in the female body when the hormonal status changes in different phases of the menstrual cycle.

Geyko E.G., Radysh I.V., Fedorov V.F., Torshin V.I. The effect of menstrual cycle phases on bioimpedance analysis of body composition in women of early reproductive age. Technologies of Living Systems. 2026. V. 23. № 2. Р. 82-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/ j20700997-202602-08 (In Russian).

1. Koroteeva T.V. Hronofiziologicheskaya harakteristika adaptivnyh reakcij u zhenshhin raznyh etnicheskih grupp: Dissertaciya ... dokt. medicinskih nauk. Moskva. 2011. 220 s. (in Russian).
2. Avila-Varela D.S., Hidalgo-Lopez E., Dagnino P.C. et al. Whole-brain dynamics across the menstrual cycle: the role of hormonal fluctuations and age in healthy women. Womens Health. 2024. V. 2. № 8. DOI: 10.1038/s44294-024-00012-4
3. Thiyagarajan D.K., Basit H., Jeanmonod R. Physiology, Menstrual Cycle. [Updated 2024 Sep 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/
4. Radysh I.V., Skalnyy V.V., Koroteeva T.V. et al. Sezonnye izmeneniya gormonal'nogo obmena i glikirovannogo gemoglobina u zdorovykh zhenshchin. Tekhnologii zhivykh sistem. 2016. T. 13. № 4. S. 35–40 (in Russian).
5. Koroteeva T.V., Radysh I.V., Khodorovich A.M. Sezonnye izmeneniya gormonalnogo obmena u zhenshhin raznyh etnicheskih grupp. Vestnik RUDN. Seriya Medicina. 2010. № 4. S. 250–253. (in Russian).
6. Tucker J.A.L., McCarthy S.F., Bornath D.P.D. et al. The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Nutr. Rev. 2025 Mar 1. V. 83(3). P. e866–e876. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae093
7. Brennan I.M., Brennan M., Swindell N. et al. Dietary energy intake across the menstrual cycle: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2022. V. 14. № 22. P. 1–21.
8. Karabacak A.I., Yildiz G., Kocaadam B. et al. Nutritional intake and anthropometric changes during the menstrual cycle in young women. Bezmialem Science. 2022. V. 10. № 4. P. 395–403.
9. Gejko E.G. Ocenka izmenenij komponentnogo sostava tela v razlichnye fazy ovarialno-menstrualnogo cikla. In: Torshin V.I., Severin A.E. (eds.). Ekologo-fiziologicheskie problemy adaptacii: materialy XX Vserossijskogo simpoziuma s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Moskva, 25–27 iyunya 2025 g. M.: RUDN. 2025. S. 60–61. (in Russian).
10. Gejko E.G., Borovinskaya E.A. Bioimpedansnyj analiz sostava tela u studentok. In: Vysshee sestrinskoe obrazovanie: tendencii, problemy i perspektivy = Higher nursing education: trends, problems and prospects: Materialy III Nauchno-prakt. konferencii s mezhdunar. uchastiem. Moskva, 22 maya 2025 g. M.: RUDN. 2025. S. 86–90. (in Russian).
11. Gould L.M., Fitzgerald J.S., Wasser J.G. et al. Impact of follicular menstrual phase on body composition, substrate oxidation, and energy expenditure in eumenorrheic females. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2021. V. 53. № 11. P. 2363–2372.
12. Kanellakis S., Koulouri A., Papazachou O. et al. Changes in body weight and body composition during the menstrual cycle in healthy women of reproductive age. American Journal of Human Biology. 2023. V. 35. № 6. P. e23951.
13. Looney D.P. Reliability, biological variability, and accuracy of multi‑frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition assessment across the menstrual cycle. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2024. V. 11. Article 1491931.
14. Nikolaev D.V., Shhelykalina S.P. Lekcii po bioimpedansnomu analizu sostava tela cheloveka. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Tomsk: Luna-print. 2022. 156 s. (in Russian).
15. Ivanov G.G., Baluev E.P., Petuhov A.B. i dr. Bioimpedansnyj metod opredeleniya sostava tela. Vestnik RUDN. Seriya Medicina. 2000. № 3. S. 66–74. (in Russian).
16. Drapkina O.M., Maksimova O.A., Sheptulina A.F., Dzhioeva O.N. Bioimpedansnyj analiz sostava tela: chto vazhno znat terapevtu? Profilakticheskaya medicina. 2022. V. 25(10). P. 91–96. (in Russian).
17. Geyko E.G. The Role of Bioimpedance Analysis of Body Composition in Preventive Medical Examinations. 2025 27th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing and its Applications (DSPA). Moscow, Russian Federation. 2025. P. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/DSPA64310.2025.10977854
18. Parfenteva O.I., Kulemin N.A., Bondareva E.A., Ahmetov I.I. Prevalence and Predictors of Normal-Weight Obesity among Women. Nutrients. 2024 Aug 6. V. 16(16). P. 2579. DOI: 10.3390/nu16162579
19. Ahmed K.Y., Aychiluhm S.B., Thapa S. et al. Cardiometabolic Outcomes Among Adults With Abdominal Obesity and Normal Body Mass Index. JAMA Netw Open. 2025. V. 8(10). P. e2537942. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.37942
20. Verbovoj A.F., Verbovaya N.I., Dolgih Yu.A. Ozhirenie — osnova metabolicheskogo sindroma. OMET. 2021. T. 18. № 2. S. 142–149. DOI: 10.14341/omet12707 (in Russian)
21. Turusheva A.V., Evpolov V.S., Kovlen D.V. i dr. Problemy diagnostiki sostava tela: bioimpedans, kaliperometriya ili antropometriya? Rossijskij semejnyj vrach. 2025. T. 29. № 2. C. 85–95. DOI: 10.17816/RFD676991 (in Russian)
22. Rogan M.M., Black K.E. Dietary energy intake across the menstrual cycle: a narrative review. Nutr. Rev. 2023. V. 81(7). P. 869–886. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac094
23. Rudnev S.G., Soboleva N.P., Sterlikov S.A. i dr. Bioimpedansnoe issledovanie sostava tela naseleniya Rossii. M.: RIO CNIIOIZ. 2014. 493 s. (in Russian).
24. Nikolaev D.V., Shhelykalina S.P. Fazovyj ugol: medicinskie interpretacii i primeneniya. Klinicheskoe pitanie i metabolizm. 2021. T. 2. № 1. S. 23–36. DOI: 10.17816/clinutr71646 (in Russian).
25. Norman K., Stobäus N., Pirlich M., Bosy‑Westphal A. Bioelectrical phase angle and impedance vector analysis – Clinical relevance and applicability of impedance parameters. Clinical Nutrition. 2012. V. 31(6). P. 854–861. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.008