A.D. Sevastyanova1, Yu.G. Bazarnova2

1, 2 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (St. Petersburg, Russia)

1 anna-julija@rambler.ru, 2 j.bazarnowa2012@yandex.ru

A new actively developed method for processing husks and shell membranes is the production of biosorbents intended for air and water purification. The advantage of biosorbents is the presence of functional groups capable of non-selectively binding heavy metal ions, which allows them to be actively used for purification of wastewater with a variable composition. The use of enzyme preparations is an effective way to increase the sorption capacity of natural materials. The aim of the study is to determine the sorption properties and physicochemical characteristics of experimental sample of biomodified sorbent from walnut shell, as well as to study the mechanism of the metal adsorption process on the obtained sorption material. It was found that the experimental sample of sorption material are microporous sorbent with respect to pollutants with a particle size of up to 2 nm. The obtained values of thermodynamic parameters (KL, A∞, ΔG, n, E) indicate that all the studied processes of metal ion adsorption correspond to chemical adsorption processes. The values of the average free energy of adsorption of the ions under study (E) correspond to the average free energy of adsorption of microporous sorbent. The minimum deviation of the experimental adsorption isotherms of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ ions is observed in the case of the Langmuir model adsorption curve (0.11-1.74%), which implies the homogeneity of the sorbent surface and uniform adsorption in the monolayer due to the occurrence of ion-exchange reactions, which confirms the results obtained in calculating the thermodynamic parameters of the process. The obtained values of thermodynamic parameters (KL, A∞, ΔG, n, E) allowed us to establish the chemical mechanism of adsorption for Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions and a mixed one for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions, which is confirmed by the results of spectral analysis of the obtained biosorbent and modeling of the adsorption process using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin – Radushkevich equations. The obtained values of the average free energy of adsorption E (from 5 to 25 kJ/mol) also indicate the chemical nature of the interaction of the adsorbate with the sorption material and correspond to the average free energy of adsorption of microporous sorbents. Spectral analysis of the functional groups of the biopolymer matrix of sorbents after the end of the sorption process showed the presence of a shift in the absorption bands of 3349 cm-1 and 1369 cm-1, which confirms the coordination interactions between metal ions and the –OH and –COO‒ groups and indicates the occurrence of the chemisorption process.

Sevastyanova A.D., Bazarnova Yu.G. Sorption materials from biomodified walnut shell. Technologies of Living Systems. 2026. V. 23. № 1. Р. 87-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202601-09 (In Russian).

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