U.A. Bliznyuk1, P.Yu. Borschegovskaya2, Ya.V. Zubritskaya3, V.S. Ipatova4, A.A. Malyuga5, V.V. Rozanov6, A.P. Chernyaev7, N.S. Chulikova8, D.S. Yurov9

1–3,6,7 Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)

1,2,4,7,9 Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)

3,8 Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Novosibirskaya oblast, Novosibirskij rajon, r.p. Krasnoobsk, Russia)

Radiation technologies are widely used in the field of agriculture in order to accelerate the development of plants and increase crop yields, improve product quality and destroy pathogenic microflora. The technology of presowing seed irradiation is based on the ability of ionizing radiation to accelerate the growth and development of plants. An important condition for this is the selection of the correct dose ranges. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of presowing treatment of soybean and rapeseed seeds with accelerated electrons with a maximum energy of 1 MeV with different doses on the germination energy, germination, root and stem length of plants.

In the experiment, soybean and rapeseed seeds were irradiated at doses of 0, 5, 10, 30, 50 and 100 Gy. The dose rate varied in the range from 0.2 to 1.3 Gy/s. Dose distribution uniformity was determined using Geant4 software and varied from 50 to 80% depending on seed size. Seed growth studies were carried out at the Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Seeds of cultures were placed in Petri dishes on a nutrient medium and germinated.

The research results showed non-linear dependences of the germination energy and germination of soybean and rapeseed seeds on the radiation dose. The maximum values of germination energy and germination of soybean seeds were observed in plants treated at a dose of 50 Gy, while the largest decrease in these indicators was recorded when treated at doses of 30 Gy and 100 Gy. The maximum values of germination energy and germination of rape seeds were observed in plants treated with doses of 5 Gy and 10 Gy, while the inhibitory effect on germination energy and seed germination occurs when seeds are treated with a dose of 50 Gy. In general, positive effects in relation to the biometric indicators of soybean and rapeseed were registered when seeds were treated with accelerated electrons at doses of 50 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively.

The obtained values of doses leading to seed stimulation partially agree with the data of various literary sources, which establish effective doses of radiation treatment in the range from 3 to 20 Gy. The discrepancies in the results can be associated both with the different spatial distribution of ionization events in the seeds under irradiation with different types of ionizing radiation, and with the difference in seed varieties and their growing season. In addition, the results of experiments may significantly depend on whether they were carried out in natural or laboratory conditions.

Bliznyuk U.A., Borschegovskaya P.Yu., Zubritskaya Ya.V., Ipatova V.S., Malyuga A.A., Rozanov V.V., Chernyaev A.P., Chulikova N.S.,
Yurov D.S. Influence of ionizing radiation on germination and biometric indicators of oilseeds. Technologies of Living Systems. 2023.
V. 20. № 1. Р. 79-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202301-09 (In Russian)

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