S.V. Notova1, O.V. Marshinskaia2, T.V. Kazakova3, N.N. Tupikova4

1–3 Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University (Orenburg, Russia)

2,3 Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the RAS (Orenburg, Russia)

4 Orenburg Institute of Samara State University of Railway Transport (Orenburg, Russia)

The diet of modern man is characterized by an unprecedented high level of consumption of high-calorie food in combination with lack of physical activity. Prolonged use of a high-calorie diet leads to disturbances in the metabolism of the body, in particular carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These disorders precede the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and a number of other diseases. In this regard, the aim of the work was to investigate the functional state, mineral metabolism and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood serum and liver of Wistar rats with disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism developing against the background of a high-calorie diet. The data obtained during the study show that exposure to a high-calorie diet for 12 weeks led to a violation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) in blood serum and liver. When evaluating the analysis of chemical elements, a decrease in the level of Fe, Cr, I, Zn, K, Ca, Se and an increase in V, Co in blood serum were found. In the liver tissues of animals of the experimental group, there was a decrease in the level of Li, Se and an increase in the level of Zn, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Co. Thus, the concentration of these trace elements has a significant effect on the state of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and, consequently, on protection from oxidative stress. The data obtained show that the high-calorie diet used in the study makes it possible to simulate metabolic disorders and proves the effectiveness of its use in studies of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in laboratory animals. Further studies of mineral metabolism can improve understanding of the pathogenesis of a number of diseases associated with disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In addition, the results of this study contribute to increasing evidence-based awareness against eating unhealthy foods.

Notova S.V., Marshinskaia O.V., Kazakova T.V., Tupikova N.N. Changes in mineral metabolism and activity of antioxidant enzymes in disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. Technologies of Living Systems. 2023. V. 20. № 1. Р. 62-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202301-07 (In Russian)

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