S.K. Pinaev1, A.Ya. Chizhov2,3,4, R.S. Pinaev1

1,3 Far Eastern State Medical University (Khabarovsk, Russia)

2 Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (Moscow, Russia);

Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (Moscow, Russia);

Medical ecological center "Mountain air XXI century" (Moscow, Russia)

Leukemia is the most common malignant neoplasm in children. Since the twenties of the last century, an increase in the incidence of leukemia in children has been noted in the world and continues from now. Further study of the causes of childhood leukemia is necessary to develop effective prevention of this disease.

Aim – to identify the connections between trends and annual fluctuations of childhood leukemia incidence in Russia, the USA and Canada with solar activity and smoke.

Data of childhood leukemia incidence in Russia (1997–2019), Leningrad city (1955–1965), USA (1975–2017) and Canada
(1992–2010), as well as of the activity of the Sun were obtained from open sources. The generated time series were subjected to regression analysis and Pearson correlation in 11 iterations with a lag of 0–10 years.

Childhood leukemia incidence in Russia in 1997–2019 increased one and a half times (p < 0.001). A correlation between the incidence in 1997–2008 and 2009–2019 with solar activity was found with a lag of 3 and 2 years, respectively. A significant increase in the incidence of childhood leukemia (p = 0.041) took place in Leningrad city (1955–1965). A link between its incidence and solar activity was found in cohorts of young children (0–4 years old) 1955-1965 birth (r = 0.691, p = 0.019, lag – 1 year) and in the whole child population (r = 0.641, p = 0.010, lag – 3 years). The incidence of leukemia in the United States (0–19 years) in 1975–2019 tended to increase (p < 0.001). The incidence of childhood leukemia in Canada in 1992–2010 also significantly increased (p = 0.032). A correlation between Wolf numbers and childhood leukemia incidence in the United States in 1992–2001 (r = 0.639, p = 0.047,
lag – 7 years) and in 2008–2019 (r = 0.545, p = 0.067, lag – 2 years) was found. In Canada in 1992-2010 established the connection of solar activity with the incidence of leukemia (r = 0.516, p = 0.024, lag – 7 years), which had a maximum strength in 1992–2001
(r = 0.679, p = 0.031, lag – 8 years).

In Russia, the USA and Canada, there is a significant increasing trend in the incidence of childhood leukemia. Also, in all the countries studied, a connection was found between fluctuations in the incidence of this pathology and solar activity. For correction environmentally-related oxidative stress future parents, pregnant women and young children are recommended to consumed herbal remedies and traditional fermented foods for stimulate autophagy, and use the Transfer Factor.

Pinaev S.K., Chizhov A.Ya., Pinaev R.S. Trends of childhood leukemia in Russia, USA and Canada and their relations to solar activity and smoke. Technologies of Living Systems. 2023. V. 20. № 1. Р. 27-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202301-03 (In Russian)

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