L.A. Nekrasova1, O.Yu. Nesterova2, L.M. Samokhodskaya3, E.V. Semina4, A.A. Kamalov5

1–5 Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Moscow, Russia)

4 NMHC of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov (Moscow, Russia)

Currently, it is clear that a huge role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is played by the defeat of blood vessels. The cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and ICAM-1 (cell adhesion molecule 1) are membrane proteins expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells, whose main function is to ensure the adhesion of leukocytes during the launch of the inflammatory cascade in response to infection. A number of recent studies have shown that endothelial adhesion molecules play an important role in the development of systemic inflammation in COVID-19, and also provide extravasation of immune cells with possible damage to the endothelial wall. The purpose of this work is to systematize data on the role of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 endothelial adhesion molecules in the adverse course of COVID-19 and to study the potential of using data on the activity and concentration of these molecules as predictors of the severity of the disease. The review shows that endothelial adhesion molecules play an important role in the development of systemic inflammation in COVID-19, and also provide extravasation of immune cells with possible damage to the endothelial wall. The analyzed studies have expanded the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of systemic endothelial dysfunction that occurs when infected with the SARS-Cov-2 virus. The review shows the relationship between the elevated levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 molecules in various biological fluids with the severity of COVID-19 development. The available data make it necessary to introduce the studied endothelial adhesion molecules and their soluble forms as biomarkers into clinical practice as predictors of an unfavorable outcome of COVID-19.

Nekrasova L.A., Nesterova O.Yu., Samokhodskaya L.M., Semina E.V., Kamalov A.A. Analysis of the prognostic significance of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 endothelial adhesion molecules in relation to the severity of the disease in patients with COVID-19. Technologies of Living Systems. 2022. V. 19. № 3. Р. 5-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700997-202203-01 (In Russian)

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