I.S. Raginov Dr.Sc. (Med.), Head of Department of Pathology Republican Clinical Hospital, Associate Professor, Department of Histology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia. E-mail: raginovi@mail.ru G.V. Vafina Post-graduate Student, Department of Histology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia L.R. Valiullin Ph.D. (Vet.), Deputy Director of «Bionanoteh», Kazan, Russia M.V. Lekishvili Dr.Sc. (Med.), Head of Laboratory «Tissue Bank», N.N. Priorov Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: leki@mail.ru

Schwann-s cells have key value for posttraumatic neogenesis of a peripheral nerve. In turn regenerating processes of neurones and erratic in range of a trauma macrophages secrete factors stimulating proliferation and a surviving Schwann-s cells. The purpose of the given work was an evaluation of the contribution of intercellular mutual relations in change of Schwann-s cells number after a trauma of a sciatic nerve at rats. In experiment 28 not purebred rats - male who have been divided into 4 bunches on 7 animals in everyone have been used. The first bunch - crush of sciatic nerve on standard procedure (influence on Schwann-s cells of macrophages and regenerating axons), the second bunch - a ligation of a nerve (influence of the macrophages is kept, regenerating axons are not present), the third bunch - a transplantation of a fragment of a sciatic nerve in an eye anterior chamber (there is no influence of macrophages and axons), the fourth bunch - the control (just a trauma of a sciatic nerve). In 30 day after operations at animals secreted: a distale fragment of an injured nerve (the ambassador crush or ligations), a grafted nerve from an eye anterior chamber and a field of a nerve on the middle of a hip at control animals. Stuff fixed in Formalin and on paraffin sections by means of antibodies to protein S100 immunohistochemistry marking of Schwann-s cells and counted up their total in cross-section. The number Schwann-s cells has increased after a nerve crush by 84,6% (p < 0,05), after a ligation on 139,1% (p < 0,05) and after a transplantation in an eye anterior chamber on 7,9% (p > 0,05). The received results have shown, that macrophages probably have the greatest value influence on a proliferation Schwann-s cells, and neurons can inhibiting these process.