D.V. Bulanov - Ph.D. (Меd.), pathologist of histology laboratory, International fellow of United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology\'s (USCAP), European Medical Center, Moscow. Е-mail: patros-ru@yandex.ru

Immunohistochemical method consumes in the last decade, one of the key roles in the diagnosis of malignant tumors. Until recently, the primary object of this diagnostic method was to estimate a linear differentiation (properties of tissue-specific) tumor cells. Unfortunately, most of the traditional immunohistochemical markers (antibodies) are actively used in practice (mainly directed against cytoplasmic epitopes) showed relatively limited and low specificity. Over the last decade developed a much more sensitive and highly specific immunohistochemical markers for epithelial and non-epithelial various high grade malignant tumors. This paper presents information on some new, previously little-studied diagnostic markers that can largely serve as an integral part of diagnostic immunohistochemical panels that are actively used in the practical work of the pathologist. Nuclear transcription factors - a group of intracellular proteins that regulate gene transcription (i.e., the activity of new proteins) in a cell that is a critical function in the mechanisms of embryonic development and cellular homeostasis. Taking into account the molecular biological characteristics of nuclear transcription factors is currently the most re-levant and practical significance in the immunohistochemical diagnosis are the following biological properties of the nuclear transcription factors: tumor-specific, organ-specific, and predictive value. At the present stage of development of a relatively new diagnostic techniques in anatomic pathology, such as immu-nohistochemistry, molecular biology using including in situ-hybridization (FISH-fluorescent and chromogenic labels-CISH), in conjunction with the use of novel antibodies linearly bounded transcription factors allows differential diag-nosis in a series of formal phenotypically similar and undifferentiated epithelial and non-epithelial poorly differen-tiated malignant tumors at an entirely different qualitatively new level.

 

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