I. Ignatov - Dr. of European Academy of Natural Sciences (Hanover, Germany), Professor, Director of Scientific Research Center of Medical Biophysics (Sofia, Bulgaria). E-mail: mbioph@dir.bg
O.V. Mosin - Ph.D.(Chem.), Research Scientist, Moscow State University of Applied Biotechnology. E-mail: mosin-oleg@yandex.ru

One of the most interesting biological phenomena is an ability of some microorganisms to grow in nutrient growth media with heavy water (D2О). D2О possesses high ecological potential owing to absence of a radio-activity that promotes its use as the isotope indicator in chemistry, biology and medicine. In natural waters the parity D/H makes approximately 1: 5500 (in the assumption, that all deuterium is in form of D2O). Actually, deuterium is present in form of D2O only in the concentrated D2O-solutions. At small concentration in water it is present in the form of "semiheavy" water (НDO) as in D2O-H2O mixes with high speed there are occurred reactions of dissosiation and isotopic (H-D) exchange, leading to formation of HDO. The isotopic effects stipulated by the difference of nuclear mass of deuterium and protium H/D can be varried from 2 to 7 for different species of chemical bonds. Chemical reactions in D2O proceed with slow rates, than in H2O; D2O is more poorly ionised, than H2O, the constant of dissosiation in D2O is less than H2O, solubility of organic and inorganic substances in D2O, as a rule more low than in Н2O, hydrogen bonds with participation of deuterium are a little bit stronger than hydrogen bonds with hydrogen, mobility of ions D3O+ on 28,5 % more low than Н3O+, and ОD- on 39,8 % more low tan OH-. For other ions distinction of mobility in Н2O and D2O makes about 18 %. Constants of dissociation (Kd) for weak acids and bases decrease in D2O in comparison with Н2O, and solubility and dissolving ability of D2O for many inorganic and organic substances, as a rule, more low, than that of Н2O though the opposite facts are also known. Experiments with D2О influence on cells of animals, plants and microorganisms have shown, that D2O acts negatively on vital sistems of organisms, slows down a cellular metabolism and inhibit mitosis in a prophase stage; it occurs even at use of usual natural water to increased concentration of D2O or HDO. Animals can sustain about 30 % D2O, plants - 50 % D2O, micro algae - 70 % D2O, and microorganisms - 95 % D2O. The present article is continuation of our research of basic possibility of practical use of various cells of bacteria, micro algae and plants for synthesis of deuterium-labelled natural compounds while growth on media with high deuterium content. The purpose of the work was studying of isotopic effects of D2O in cells of various taxonomic groups of microorganisms and micro algae which is carrying out methylotrophic, chemoheterotrophic, photoorganoheterotrophic and photosynthetic pathways of assimilation of carbon substrata.

 

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