350 rub
Journal Technologies of Living Systems №8 for 2011 г.
Article in number:
Decision of the International Agency for Research on the Cancer (IARC): Electromagnetic Fields of Vobile Phones as Possibly Carcinogenic to Cancer of Brain
Authors:
Yu.G. Grigoriev
Abstract:
The brain began to be exposed to daily long influence of electromagnetic fields of a radio-frequency range for the first time for all period of a civilization. Electromagnetic fields are the harmful kinds of a radiation. The problem of probable development of a cancer of a brain at long use of the mobile phone has arisen in some years after wide use of mobile communication by the population of all age. During all period of research of this problem there was an opposition in scientific community on this problem. Two opposite points of view were expressed: the risk of development of a tumour of a brain at use of the mobile phone more than 10 years is increased, and the second point of view is : "there Is no also it cannot be". The international Agency on research of a cancer (IARC) at WHO published the message No 208 , May 31, 2011, in which classified radio-frequency electromagnetic fields as probably cancerogenic factor for the population (Group 2B). This decision concerns to use of the mobile phone and was based on the increased risk of development of a cancer of a brain glioma. In article the analysis of the long-term the studies, which have been carried out in many countries of the world on the given problem and which preceded this decision. On the basis of long-term epidemiological researches in 2004 have formulated the following conclusions by the Swedish scientists: 1. The increase of risk of development astrocitoma and acoustic neuroma on the ipsilateral side of a brain of users mobile and cordless phones is revealed. The highest risk was marked at > 10-years latency period. 2. Especially high risk of development of a tumour of a brain was received for people which have started to use mobile and cordless telephones at children's age (8-10 years). In this situation the risk of occurrence of a tumour of a brain can increase up to 5 times. However other studies which had financing from appropriate industry, denied an opportunity of development of a cancer of a brain at users of the mobile phone, for example, the epidemiological researches which have been carried out in Denmark, researches under the program "INTERPHONE" etc. Decision IARC has finished status in this opposition and has put before a society social and ethical problems, and above scientists necessity of definition of a degree of risk for the population, which active use of mobile communication. Essentially it is new stage of the organization and realization of the appropriate studies. Unfortunately, it is necessary to note, that in Russia the appropriate epidemiological studies, and also direct experiments with a problem - EMF of mobile phones and a cancer of a brain " till now were not carried out
Pages: 48-56
References
  1. Muscat J., Malkin M., Thompson S. et al. Handheld cellular telephone use the risk of brain cancer. // Java. 2000. V. 284. Р. 3001 - 3007.
  2. Jnskip P., Tarone R., Hatch E. et al. Cellular-telephone use and brain tumors // N. Engl. J. Med. 2001. V. 344(2). Р. 79 - 86.
  3. Johansen C., Boice J., McLaughlin J., Olsen J. Cellular telephones and cancer - a nationwide cohort study in Denmark // J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2001. V. 93. Р. 203 - 207.
  4. Auvinen A., Hietanen M., Luukkonen R. et al. Brain tumors and salivary gland cancers among cellular telephone users // Epide¬miology. 2002. V. 13. Р. 356 - 359.
  5. Hardell L., Nasman A., Pahison A. et al. Use of cellular telephones and the risk for brain tumours: a case-control study // Int. J. Oncol. 1999. V. 15. Р. 113 - 116.
  6. Hardell L., Mild K., Palson A., Hallquist A. Ionizing radiation, cellular telephones and the risk for brain tumours // Europen J. of cancer Prevention. 2001. V. 10. Р.523 - 529.
  7. Hardell L., Hallquist A., Mild H. et al. Cellular and cordless telephones and the risk for brain tumors // Fur J. Cancer Prev. 2002. V. 11. Р. 377 - 386.
  8. Hardell L., Mild H. Mobile and cordless telephones and association with brain tumours in different age groups // Abstract book. 5-th COST 281 MCM and Workshop «Mobile telecommunications and the brain». Budapest. Nov. 15-16. 2003. Р. 13.
  9. Hardell L., Mild H. Mobile and cordless telephones and association with brain tumours in different age groups // J. Oncol. 2003. V. 22. Р. 399 - 408.
  10. Khurana V.G., Teo C., Kundi M. et al. Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic data // Surg. Neurol. 2009. V. 72. Р. 205 - 215.
  11. Schuz J., Jacobsen R., Olsen J. et al. Cellular telephone use and cancer risk: update of a nationwide Danish cohort // J. National Cancer Inst. 2006. V. 98. Р. 1707 - 1713.
  12. Lahkola A., Auvinen A., Raitanen J. et al. Mobile phone use and risk of glioma in 5 north European countries // Int. J. Cancer. 2007. V. 120. Р. 1769 - 1775.
  13. Hardell L., Mild K. Mobile phone us and acoustic neuromas // Epidemiology. 2003. V.16. Р. 415 - 418.
  14. Hardell L, Carlberg M., Hansson Mild. Case-control study on cellular and cordless telephones and the risk for acoustic neuroma or meningioma in patients diagnosed 2000 - 2003 // Neuroepidemiology. 2005. V. 25. Р. 120 - 128.
  15. Muscat J., Malkin M., Shore R. et al. Handheld cellular telephones and risk of acoustic Neuroma // Neurology. 2002. V. 58. Р. 1304 - 1306.
  16. Schuz J, Bohler E., Berg G. et al. Cellular phones, cordless phones, and the risk of glioma and meningioma (Interphone Study Group, Germany) // Am. J. Epidemiology. 2006. V. 163. Р. 512 - 520.
  17. Johansen C., Boice J., McLaughlin J. et al. Mobile phones and malignant melanoma of the eye // Br. J. Cancer. 2002. V. 86. Р. 348 - 349.
  18. Ahlbom A., Feychting M., Green A. et al. Epidemiologic evidence on mobile phones and tumor risk: a review // Epidemiology. 2009. V. 20. Р. 639 - 652.
  19. Hardell L., Carlberg M., Hansson Mild. Pooled analysis of two case-control studies on the use of cellular and cordless telephones and the risk of benign brain tumors diagnosed during 1997 - 2003 // Int. J. Oncology. 2006. V. 28. Р. 509 - 518.
  20. Hardell L., Carlberg M., Hansson Mild. Pooled analysis of two case-control studies on the use of cellular and cordless telephones and the risk for malignant brain tumors diagnosed during 1997-2003 // Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 2006. V. 79. Р. 630 - 639.
  21. Hardell L. et al. Case-control study of the association between the use of cellular and cordless telephones and malignant brain tumors diagnosed during 2000-2003 // Environ. Res. 2006. V. 100 (2). Р. 232 - 234.
  22. Hardell L., Carlberg M., Söderqvist F., Hansson Mild K., Morgan L.L. Long-term use of cellular phones and brain tumours: increased risk associated with use for ≥10 years // Occup Environ Med. 2007. V. 64. Р. 626-632
  23. Hardell L., Carlberg M., Söderqvist F., Hansson Mild K. Meta-analysis of long-term mobile phone use and the association with brain tumours // Int J. Oncol. 2008. V. 32. Р.1097-1103.
  24. Hardell l., Carlberg M. Mobile phones, cordless phones and the risk for brain tumours // International Journal of Oncology. 2009. V. 35. Р. 5 - 17.
  25. Hardell L, Hansson Mild K, Carlberg M et al. Cellular and cordless telephones and the association with brain tumours in different age group // Arch. Environ Health. 2004. V. 59. Р. 132 - 137.
  26. Cardis E. et al. Brain tumor risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study // Int. J. of Epidemiology. 2010. V. 3. Р.1 - 20.
  27. Lonn S., Ahlbom A., Hall P., Feychting M. long-term mobile phone use and brain tumor risk. // Am. J. Epidemiol. 2005. V. 161. Р. 526 - 535.
  28. Hepworth S., Schoemarker M., Muir K. et al. Mobile phone use and risk of glioma in adults: case-control study // Br. Med. J. 2006. V. 332. Р. 883 - 887.
  29. Hours M., Bernard M., Monterstrucq L. et al. Cell Phones and Risk of brain and acoustic nerve tumours: the French INTERPHONE case-control study // Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique. 2007. V.16. Р. 158 - 164.
  30. Klaeboe L., Blaasaas K., Tynes T.  Use of mobile phones in Norway and risk of intracranial tumours // Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 2007. V. 16. Р. 158 - 164.
  31. Lahkola A., Salminen T., Raitanen J. et al. Meningioma and mobile phone use - a collaborative case-control study in five North European countries // Int. J. Epidemiol. 2008. V. 37. Р. 1304 - 1313.
  32. Feychting M. Current Mobile Phone Studies. Int. Joint Conference - Non-Ionizing Radiation and Children-s Health. Slovenia, May, 18-20. 2011. P.4.
  33. Chou C.K., Guy A., Kunz L. et al. Long-term, low-level microwave irradiation of rats // Bioelectromagnetics. 1992. V. 13. Р. 469 - 96.
  34. Adey R. Brain tumor incidence in rats chronically exposed to frequency-modulated (FM) cellular phones fields // Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biol. and Med. Bologna. Italy. 1997. Р. 109.
  35. Adey R. Joint action in rats of chemical brain tumor promoter with either digital or analog mobile phone fitld // BEMS. Abstract Book 24 Annual Meeting. Canada. June 23 - 27. 2002. Р. 88.
  36. Repacholi M, Basten A, Gebski V. et al. Lymphomas in E mu-Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHZ electromagnetic fields // Radiat Res. 1997. V. 147. Р. 631 - 640.
  37. Elder J. Survival and Cancer in Laboratory Mammals Exposed to Radiofrequency Energy // Bioelectromagnetics. 2003. Supplement 6. Р. 101 - 106.
  38. Chagnaud J., Veyret B., Despres B. Effects of pulsed microwaves on chemically-induced tumors in rats // BEMS. Abstract Book 17 Annual Meeting. Boston. 1995. Р. 28.
  39. Григорьев Ю.Г. Человек в электромагнитном поле (существующая ситуация, ожидаемые биоэффекты и оценка опасности) // Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология. 1997. Вып. 4. Т.37. С. 690 - 703.
  40. Григорьев Ю.Г. Сотовая связь - радиобиологическая проблема и оценка опасности // Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология. 2001. Т. 41. № 5. С. 500 - 513.
  41. Григорьев Ю.Г. Воздействие электромагнитных полей техногенной природы на человека (оценка опасности) // Медицина экстремальных ситуаций. 1999. № 2. С. 34 - 35.
  42. Григорьев Ю.Г. Электромагнитные поля сотовых телефонов и здоровье детей и подростков (Ситуация, требующая принятия неотложных мер) // Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология. 2005. Т. 45. № 4. С. 442 - 450.
  43. Григорьев Ю.Г. Электромагнитные поля мобильной радиосвязи и оценка риска для населения (современное состояние проблемы и перспективные исследования) // Медицина экстремальных ситуа-ций. 2006. Т. 4. № 8. С. 58 - 67.
  44. Grigoriev Y. Mobile telecommunication: radiobiological issues and risk assessment. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of sciences. Section B. 2006. V. 60. № 1. Р. 6 - 10.
  45. Belyaev I., Grigoriev Y. Problems in assessment of risks from exposures to microwaves of mobile communication // Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология. 2007. Т. 47. № 6. С. 727 - 732.
  46. Григорьев Ю.Г. Современные проблемы электромагнитной радиобиологии. Ближайшие и отдаленные задачи. // Ежегодник Российского национального комитета по защите от неионизирующих излучений. 2008. С. 56 - 62.
  47. Григорьев Ю.Г., Григорьев О.А. Мобильная связь и здоровье населения: оценка опасности, социальные и этические проблемы // Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология. 2011. Т. 51. №3. С. 357 - 368.
  48. IARC WHO. Classifies radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans // Press release № 208. 31 May. 2011. 3 p.
  49. IARC. Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields // The Lancet Oncology. 2011. V.12. Р.624 - 625.