T.V Tulaykova1, S.R. Amirova2
1,2 MIPT, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Moscow, Russia)
tulaik@yandex.ru

The article analyzes the main physical factors for new method with sand addition to the atmosphere above a powerful hurricane to weaken it. The main positive effect is that small sand particles are flying from a great altitude through hurricane clouds to turn into large hailstones, which cool the ocean surface and reduce the mass of water vapor evaporation.

The purpose of the article are algorithm and calculations to find optimal mass of sand, taking into account atmospheric processes. The results of this work are the determination of the necessary preliminary calculations and actions for the practical application of this method in order to obtain a controlled desired result. The article provides basic analytical formulas and typical examples of possible specific applications. The practical significance of the work relates with the possibility of pre-reducing the hurricane's power in advance, before it makes landfall, in order to appropriately reduce damage and flooding. Calculations show that with high atmospheric humidity and resulting hail with a radius of 50 mm, only 2 large airplane are enough to effectively cool the area within the hurricane's reach for about 48 minutes.

Tulaykova T.V., Amirova S.R. Controlled Addition of the Sand into Atmosphere for Hurricane Activity Reducing. Science Intensive Technologies. 2026. V. 27. № 2. P. 75−87. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.18127/j19998465-202602-08 (in Russian)

1. Huang, P., Sanford T. B., Imberger. J. Heat and turbulent kinetic energy budgets for surface layer cooling induced by the passage of Hurricane Frances (2004). 2009. J. Geophys. Res., V. 114. P. 12023. DOI:10.1029/2009JC005603
2. Holland G. A Revised Model for Radial Profiles of Hurricane Winds. Mont Weather Revive. 2010. V. 136. P. 4393–4401.
3. Allen J., et al. An extreme value model for U.S. hail size. Amer.Met.Soc. Mon.Weat. Rev. 2017. V. 145. P. 4501-4519. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-17-0119.1.
4. Tulajkova T.V., Amirova S.R. Ocenka vozmozhnosti umen'sheniya moshchnosti vetra v epicentre uragana za schet dopolnitel'nogo vvedeniya raschetnoj massy peska. Naukoemkie tekhnologii. 2008. T. 19. № 8. S. 21–28 (in Russian).
5. Willoughby H.E. et al. Project STORMFURY: A Scientific Chronicle 1962–1983. Retrieved Nov. 2015. Bul. of Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 1985. V. 66. Iss. 5. P. 505-14.
6. Tulaykova T., Cook J. Airborne sand addition to reduce hurricane strength. Lap-Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany. 2019.
7. Lee, B. J. et al. Multimodality of a particle size distribution of cohesive suspended particulate matters in a coastal zone. J. Geophys. Res. 2012. V. 117. P.03014.
8. Blott S.J., Pye K. Gradistat a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth Surf. Process. Landforms. 2001. V. 26. P. 1237Q1248.
9. Wind speed data. Ventusky. 13 Sept 2023. URL: https://www.ventusky.com.
10. Karslou G., Eger D. Teploprovodnost' tverdyh tel. M.: Nauka. 1984 (in Russian).
11. Rodzhers R. Kratkij kurs fiziki oblakov. Gidrometeoizdat. 2019 (in Russian).
12. Drofa A.S. et al. Formation of cloud microstructure: the role of hygroscopic particles. Izvestiya. Atmospheric and oceanic physics. 2006. V. 42. P. 355–366.
13. Mendes D. et al. Simple hurricane model: a symmetry and dynamics. Preprint of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Exact and Earth Sciences Centre. December 2021. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1051026/v1.
14. Nalbandyan O. The Clouds Microstructure and the Rain Stimulation by Acoustic Waves. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences. 2011. V. 1. P 86–90.
15. Fangli Qiao et al. Wave-induced mixing in the upper ocean: Distribution and application to a global ocean circulation model. Geophys. Res. Let. 2004. V. 31. L11303. doi:10.1029/2004GL019824.
16. Bejan A. Convective heat transfer. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New Jersey. 2013.
17. Brutsaert W. Evaporation into the atmosphere. Theory, history and applications. Springer (1082). DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1497-6.